{"id":15165,"date":"2013-01-04T13:22:58","date_gmt":"2013-01-04T12:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=15165"},"modified":"2021-09-22T19:11:40","modified_gmt":"2021-09-22T17:11:40","slug":"oltre-lassoluto","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2013\/01\/04\/oltre-lassoluto\/","title":{"rendered":"Oltre l&#039;assoluto"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/339\/6115\/42\/F1.medium.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">Su <\/span><em>Science<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> di oggi, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/339\/6115\/52\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ci vanno<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> l&#8217;implume <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.quantum-munich.de\/people\/person-details\/pers\/8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Simon Braun<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">, della Ludwig Maximilian a Monaco di Baviera, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.quantum-munich.de\/people\/person-details\/pers\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Immanuel Bloch<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.quantum-munich.de\/people\/person-details\/pers\/10\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ulrich Schneider<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> e altri fotonisti in erba del Max Planck a Garching, detti abusivamente &#8220;Senior Scientists&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">Nel loro condensato di Bose-Einstein, misurano (statisticamente) uno stato di &#8220;pretermalizzazione&#8221;, una temperatura <\/span><strong>negativa<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> associata a una pressione negativa, facendolo transitare da <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isolante_di_Mott\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>isolante di Mott<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> a superfluido, sia repulsivo che attrattivo, un bel <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solitone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>solitone<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> in cui tutti gli atomi fanno un&#8217;unica ola rossa o blu.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">Yes, we can. Per cui:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Because negative temperature systems can absorb entropy while releasing energy, they give rise to several counterintuitive effects, such as Carnot engines with an efficiency greater than unity.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">&#8220;Greater than unity&#8221; perch\u00e9 in teoria la bolletta dell&#8217;elettricit\u00e0 consumata dai laser non si paga. Inoltre:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>negative temperature states of motional degrees of freedom necessarily possess negative pressure and are thus of fundamental interest to the description of dark energy in cosmology, where negative pressure is required to account for the accelerating expansion of the universe.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">Non c&#8217;\u00e8 pi\u00f9 lo zero assoluto, signora mia. Di questo passo dov&#8217;andiamo a finire, lo dice <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/339\/6115\/42.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Lincoln Carr<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> della <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/inside.mines.edu\/~lcarr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Colorado School of Mines<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Thermodynamics is at the heart of chemistry, engineering, and many biological questions. In ultracold quantum gases, the basic concepts of thermodynamics, positive or negative temperature, or whether a <strong>temperature concept is even relevant<\/strong>, are under intense and profound exploration. <\/em>(<em>grassetto mio<\/em>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">Irrilevante? Ma&#8230; ma&#8230; come si permette? E la meccanica statistica allora? E&#8230; e&#8230; &#8216;nsomma, grande \u00e8 la confusione sotto lo zero (Kelvin) e la situazione \u00e8 eccellente.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">Sul Sole invece, la situazione del 2012 era <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/\"><strong>tempestosa<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\">. Avviso ai fain\u00e9ants: ci sono video spettacolari, manca solo il solar flare di Natale che la NOAA ha messo su <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AtYHOIX_UXc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>You Tube<\/strong><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;\"> l&#8217;altro ieri.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Su Science di oggi, ci vanno l&#8217;implume Simon Braun, della Ludwig Maximilian a Monaco di Baviera, Immanuel Bloch, Ulrich Schneider e altri fotonisti in erba del Max Planck a Garching, detti abusivamente &#8220;Senior Scientists&#8221;. Nel loro condensato di Bose-Einstein, misurano (statisticamente) uno stato di &#8220;pretermalizzazione&#8221;, una temperatura negativa associata a una pressione negativa, facendolo transitare&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2013\/01\/04\/oltre-lassoluto\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Oltre l&#039;assoluto<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[2896,5104,6617,7388],"class_list":["post-15165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fisica","tag-gas-ultrafreddi","tag-ottica-quantistica","tag-superfluidi","tag-zero-assoluto","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15165"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15165\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41263,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15165\/revisions\/41263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}