{"id":20129,"date":"2013-10-05T19:16:52","date_gmt":"2013-10-05T17:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=20129"},"modified":"2021-09-26T20:57:59","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T18:57:59","slug":"autocoscienza-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2013\/10\/05\/autocoscienza-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Autocoscienza"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/site\/special\/scicomm\/scicomm-minitoc.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\nProsegue il dibattito attorno all&#8217;inchiesta di Bohannon sulla peer-review e la sua assenza nelle riviste biomediche open access; ho aggiunto un \u00a0po&#8217; di link nel post di ieri.<\/p>\n<p>La cosa sorprendente &#8211; trovo &#8211; \u00e8 che in tutti i commenti scritti da ricercatori che ho letto in questi due giorni, solo uno ricorda che l&#8217;open access mette le ricerche a disposizione di chi non \u00e8 in grado di valutarne l&#8217;attendibilit\u00e0. Una ragione in pi\u00f9 per valutarle con rigore prima di pubblicarle.<\/p>\n<p>Lo speciale sulla <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/site\/special\/scicomm\/index.xhtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comunicazione nella\/della scienza<\/a> <\/strong>deborda in altre sezioni di\u00a0<em>Science<\/em>:<br \/>\n&#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6154\/23.1.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>tre<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6154\/23.2.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>articoli<\/strong><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6154\/24.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>positivi<\/strong><\/a> sulla <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar5\/wg1\/#.UlBd99K8Afg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>prima parte<\/strong><\/a> del V rapporto di valutazione, pubblicata in bozza dall&#8217;IPCC. Nel terzo Eli Kintish scrive<\/p>\n<p><em>The IPCC&#8217;s prestige drives researchers to finish work. To have a chance of being cited in last week&#8217;s report, researchers had to submit their papers to a journal by 31 July 2012. In the months before the deadline,\u00a0 Nature Geoscience received a surge of papers: about 170 per month, or 24% above average. But there was a downside to the scramble, the editors noted in a recent editorial: papers not &#8220;as carefully thought through&#8221; as desired.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; In &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6154\/127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Quantifying Long Term Scientific Impact<\/strong><\/a>&#8220;, bozza <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6154\/127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>gratis<\/strong><\/a>, Dashun Wang, Chaoming Song e <a href=\"http:\/\/www.barabasilab.com\/people.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Albert-L\u00e1szl\u00f2 Barab\u00e1s<\/strong>i<\/a> descrivono un modello (matematico) predittivo del numero di citazioni e quindi del successo di un paper sull&#8217;arco di trent&#8217;anni. Semplifico, comunque \u00e8 basato sulla &#8220;fitness&#8221; \u00a0nel senso della sua utilit\u00e0 e quindi riproduzione che avviene su Internet, della qualit\u00e0 dei siti dove viene linkato, della sua longevit\u00e0, per estrapolare la curva delle citazioni nel tempo:<\/p>\n<p><em>Our findings have policy implications, because current measures of citation-based impact, from Impact Factor to <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H-index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Hirsch\u00a0index<\/strong><\/a>, are frequently integrated in reward procedures, the assignment of research grants, awards, and even salaries and bonuses, despite their well-known lack of predictive power. In contrast with the IF and short-term citations that lack predictive power, we find that\u00a0c<sup>?<\/sup> offers a journal-independent assessment of a paper\u2019s long term impact, with a meaningful interpretation: It captures the total number of citations a paper will ever acquire or the discovery\u2019s ultimate impact. Although additional variables combined with data mining could further enhance the demonstrated predictive power, an ultimate understanding of long-term impact will benefit from a mechanistic understanding of the factors that govern the research community\u2019s response to a discovery.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(link aggiunto) Il linguaggio \u00e8 preoccupante&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;idea di fitness \u00e8 corretta, trovo, per descrivere una dinamica sociale, ma il modello elimina il caso &#8211; per es. le associazioni idiosincratiche di idee &#8211; dalla selezione naturale. La traiettoria delle citazioni, equiparate all&#8217;utilit\u00e0, \u00e8 quella tracciata dalle condizioni iniziali scelte. Vengono in mente contro-esempi come quello dei fotoni coerenti.<\/p>\n<p>Anche James Evans \u00e8<strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6154\/44.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">molto cauto<\/a><\/strong>, ma alla fine profetizza anche lui<\/p>\n<p><em>These cautions, however, do not apply to all that more successful impact prediction portends. The ability to <strong>automatically<\/strong> extract scientific claims from research articles and reason across them should lead to the prediction or <strong>computational <\/strong>generation of promising new hypotheses. It likely will also expose common assumptions and practices of science to scrutiny and explicit evaluation. In this way, citation prediction represents one step on the path to creating <strong>algorithmic or robot \u201cscientists\u201d\u00a0that are more creative, risky, persistent, and wide-reading than ourselves<\/strong>. By enabling scientists to consider not only the most fruitful hypothesis but also the most <strong>fruitful algorithm<\/strong> for generating hypotheses, <strong>future prediction methods would augment scientific ability, increase productivity, and multiply returns from science for society.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mah&#8230; Per esempio Dan Kahan (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.culturalcognition.net\/kahan\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Yale<\/strong><\/a>)<strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/342\/6154\/53\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interviene<\/a> <\/strong>su comunicare i rischi associati alle vaccinazioni:<\/p>\n<p><em>One recurring source of risk controversy is a dynamic known as \u201ccultural cognition.\u201d Both to avoid dissonance and to protect their ties to others, individuals face a strong psychic pressure to conform their perceptions of risk to those that distinguish their group from competing ones\u2014a bias in reasoning that can actually intensify as the public becomes more science literate.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Gli anti-vax sono pericolosi per tutti quelli che non possono essere vaccinati, ma sarebbe sbagliato collegarli ad altre &#8220;diffidenze contro la scienza&#8221; come negare l&#8217;evoluzione o i cambiamenti climatici. Qualcosa li accomuna per\u00f2:<\/p>\n<p><em>The failure of democratic societies to use scientific knowledge to protect the science communication environment from influences that prevent citizens from recognizing that decision-relevant science contributes to their well-being.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Kahan ne parla sul suo <a href=\"http:\/\/www.culturalcognition.net\/blog\/author\/kahan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>blog<\/strong><\/a>, nel secondo<strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.culturalcognition.net\/blog\/2013\/10\/2\/busy-lately-but-tomorrow-lots-of-data-on-vaccine-risk-percep.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post<\/a> <\/strong>con pi\u00f9 dati.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***<\/p>\n<p>Anticipato su <em>Science Express<\/em>, c&#8217;\u00e8 un divertente &#8211; e plausibile &#8211; <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/2013\/10\/02\/science.1239918.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper<\/a> <\/strong>di David Comer Kidd ed Emanuele Castano. Raccontano 5 esperimenti con circa 600 volontari. Risulta che la lettura di romanzi (fiction) migliora la teoria della mente (ToM):<\/p>\n<p><em>Literature has been deployed in programs intended to promote social welfare, such as those intended to promote empathy among doctors and life skills among prisoners. Literature is, of course, also a required subject throughout secondary education in the United States, but reformers have questioned its importance&#8230; Debates over the social value of types of fiction and the arts more broadly are important, and it seems critical to supplement them with empirical research. These results show that reading literary fiction may hone adults\u2019 ToM, a complex and critical social capacity.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mini <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8676678?dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>bibliografia<\/strong><\/a> su letteratura e medicina.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Sempre in tema di comunicazione, l&#8217;ultimo paper di Ben Santer, Gavin Schmidt e altra bella gente anticipato sui PNAS \u00e8 preceduto dall&#8217;abstract e da:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Significance<\/strong><br \/>\n<em>Observational satellite data and the model-predicted response to human influence have a common latitude\/altitude pattern of atmospheric temperature change. The key features of this pattern are global-scale tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling over the 34-y satellite temperature record. We show that current climate models are highly unlikely to produce this distinctive signal pattern by internal variability alone, or in response to naturally forced changes in solar output and volcanic aerosol loadings. We detect a \u201chuman influence\u201d signal in all cases, even if we test against natural variability estimates with much larger fluctuations in solar and volcanic influences than those observed since 1979. These results highlight the very unusual nature of observed changes in atmospheric temperature<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nel caso servisse una conferma&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>*<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Judith Curry, Steve McIntyre e Bob Tisdale copiati dai soliti\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.climatemonitor.it\/?p=33846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>disinformatori<\/strong><\/a> italiani accusano di orrendi crimini gli autori della sintesi del rapporto IPCC perch\u00e9, rispetto una vecchia bozza, nella versione finale un <a href=\"http:\/\/skepticalscience.com\/\/pics\/DvDFmodel-data.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>grafico<\/strong><\/a> (sinistra) \u00e8 stato sia corretto che completato (destra).<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;errore &#8211; segnalato nel <a href=\"http:\/\/tamino.wordpress.com\/2012\/12\/20\/fake-skeptic-draws-fake-picture-of-global-temperature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>dicembre scorso<\/strong><\/a> da tamino &#8211; era che nel confronto tra modelli e misure della temperatura, la tendenza proiettata dal 1990 (anno del primo rapporto) al 2030 partiva dalla &#8220;linea-base&#8221; di un singolo anno, il 1990, e mancava quella dei 40 anni precedenti.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/tamino.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/05\/bob-tisdale-pisses-on-leg-claims-its-raining\/#more-6779\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Tamino<\/strong><\/a> ci va a nozze &#8211; tra l&#8217;altro aveva aveva segnalato l&#8217;errore nel <a href=\"http:\/\/tamino.wordpress.com\/2012\/12\/20\/fake-skeptic-draws-fake-picture-of-global-temperature\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>dicembre scorso<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; e\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.skepticalscience.com\/curry-mcintyre-resist-ipcc-model-accuracy.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Dana Nuccitelli<\/strong><\/a> pure perch\u00e9 il 1990 era un &#8220;picco&#8221;, il <a href=\"http:\/\/tamino.files.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/giss.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>pi\u00f9 caldo<\/strong><\/a> registrato da 110\/150 anni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prosegue il dibattito attorno all&#8217;inchiesta di Bohannon sulla peer-review e la sua assenza nelle riviste biomediche open access; ho aggiunto un \u00a0po&#8217; di link nel post di ieri. La cosa sorprendente &#8211; trovo &#8211; \u00e8 che in tutti i commenti scritti da ricercatori che ho letto in questi due giorni, solo uno ricorda che l&#8217;open&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2013\/10\/05\/autocoscienza-2\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Autocoscienza<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,10,19,25,26],"tags":[1376,1535,2278,2671,3600,4563,5938,6754,7107,7152],"class_list":["post-20129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bufala","category-clima","category-matematica","category-politica","category-psicologia","tag-citazioni","tag-comunicazione","tag-empatia","tag-fitness","tag-ipcc","tag-modelli","tag-rischio","tag-teoria-della-mente","tag-vaccinazioni","tag-variabilita-naturale","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20129","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20129"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20129\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41828,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20129\/revisions\/41828"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20129"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20129"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20129"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}