{"id":20288,"date":"2013-10-18T00:09:59","date_gmt":"2013-10-17T22:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=20288"},"modified":"2021-09-26T21:37:41","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T19:37:41","slug":"fidarsi-ma-verificare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2013\/10\/18\/fidarsi-ma-verificare\/","title":{"rendered":"Fidarsi, ma verificare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/cdn.static-economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/print-cover-full\/print-covers\/20131019_cna400.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\nOrmai \u00e8 un sollevamento generale contro abusi, misconduct, editoria \u00a0predona, conflitti d&#8217;interesse e altri malanni denunciati da un decennio a questa parte.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;<em>Economist<\/em> spiega &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/briefing\/21588057-scientists-think-science-self-correcting-alarming-degree-it-not-trouble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>How science goes wrong<\/strong><\/a>&#8221; dal suo punto di vista, ovviamente, quindi se la prende soprattutto con il pattume che danneggia di pi\u00f9 l&#8217;economia.<br \/>\nL&#8217;editoriale riassume &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/briefing\/21588057-scientists-think-science-self-correcting-alarming-degree-it-not-trouble\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Trouble at the Lab<\/strong><\/a>&#8221; che riassume le analisi di <a href=\"http:\/\/www.plosmedicine.org\/article\/info:doi\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020124\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>John Ioannidis<\/strong><\/a> e di<a href=\"http:\/\/pps.sagepub.com\/content\/6\/2\/163.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <strong>tanti altri<\/strong><\/a>. Estratti per chi non ha seguito:<\/p>\n<p><em>A SIMPLE idea underpins science: \u201ctrust, but verify\u201d. Results should always be subject to challenge from experiment. That simple but powerful idea has generated a vast body of knowledge. \u2026 But success can breed complacency. Modern scientists are doing too much trusting and not enough verifying\u2014to the detriment of the whole of science, and of humanity.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Too many of the findings that fill the academic ether are the result of shoddy experiments or poor analysis. A rule of thumb among biotechnology venture-capitalists is that half of published research cannot be replicated. Even that may be optimistic. &#8230; A leading computer scientist frets that three-quarters of papers in his subfield are bunk. In 2000-10 roughly 80,000 patients took part in clinical trials based on research that was later retracted because of mistakes or improprieties. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Bon, on l&#8217;savait. La sorpresa \u00e8 che il settimanale che promuove la competizione ovunque dice che danneggia la scienza. Negli anni &#8217;50,<\/p>\n<p><em>The entire club of scientists numbered a few hundred thousand. As their ranks have swelled, to 6m-7m active researchers on the latest reckoning, scientists have lost their taste for self-policing and quality control.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pi\u00f9 di 10 milioni contando i dottorandi, ho letto da qualche parte.<\/p>\n<p><em>The obligation to \u201cpublish or perish\u201d has come to rule over academic life. Competition for jobs is cut-throat. &#8230; \u201cNegative results\u201d now account for only 14% of published papers, down from 30% in 1990. Yet knowing what is false is as important to science as knowing what is true.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Soliti rimedi: pubblicare tutti i dati, usare statistiche pi\u00f9 rigorose; rafforzare la peer review o sostituirla con la post-review come in matematica &#8211; c&#8217;\u00e8 un motivo perch\u00e9 nelle ricerche brevettabili non funziona, il libero mercato della propriet\u00e0 intellettuale, ma l&#8217;editoriale su questo tace.<\/p>\n<p><em>Lastly, policymakers should ensure that institutions using public money also respect the rules.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ma i policy makers violano le regole per primi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Meta-analisi dell&#8217;<em>Economist<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/2013\/10\/18\/fidarsi-ma-verificare\/econ20131019_fbc916-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20292\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-20292\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.gelestatic.it\/repubblica\/blogautore\/sites\/311\/2013\/10\/Econ20131019_FBC9161-300x248.png\" alt=\"Econ20131019_FBC916\" width=\"300\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Econ20131019_FBC9161-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Econ20131019_FBC9161-1024x847.png 1024w, https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Econ20131019_FBC9161-768x635.png 768w, https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Econ20131019_FBC9161.png 1190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">(<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.static-economist.com\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/original-size\/images\/print-edition\/20131019_FBC916.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grande<\/a><\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;approfondimento cita le raccomandazioni fatte al Congresso americano da Bruce Alberts, quando era ancora direttore di <em>Science<\/em>: pi\u00f9 qualit\u00e0 e meno quantit\u00e0, pi\u00f9 valore attribuito ai risultati negativi, le non replicabilit\u00e0 elencate sotto il paper originale &#8211; facile ora che ci sono depositi come PubMed.<\/p>\n<p><em>And scientists themselves, Dr Alberts insisted, \u201cneed to develop a value system where simply moving on from one\u2019s mistakes without publicly acknowledging them severely damages, rather than protects, a scientific reputation.\u201d This will not be easy. But if science is to stay on its tracks, and be worthy of the trust so widely invested in it, it may be necessary.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Di recente c&#8217;\u00e8 stato un bell&#8217;esempio di errore ammesso pubblicamente e velocemente &#8211; da <a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/10\/ronald-science\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>una scienziata<\/strong><\/a>, guarda caso.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;<em>Economist <\/em>non cita \u00a0Retraction Watch, ghe pensi mi:<br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/14\/is-impact-factor-the-least-bad-way-to-judge-the-quality-of-a-scientific-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>discussione<\/strong><\/a> del paper sull&#8217;impact factor che linkavo all&#8217;inizio del post precedente;<br \/>\n&#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/17\/researcher-who-threatened-retraction-watch-with-lawsuit-corrects-funding-source-for-several-papers\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Ariel Fernandez<\/strong><\/a> che aveva minacciato di querelare RW e ci aveva ripensato, \u00e8 stato costretto a qualche correzione, e non \u00e8 finita<br \/>\n&#8211; Dopo l&#8217;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/2013\/10\/04\/sokal-crap-ii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inc<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/2013\/10\/04\/sokal-crap-ii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hiesta<\/a><\/strong> di John Bohannon sui predoni dell&#8217;open access, un editore croato\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.wordpress.com\/2013\/10\/17\/fallout-from-sciences-publisher-sting-journal-closes-in-croatia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chiude una rivista<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\nPer i predoni, vale il consiglio di sempre: <a href=\"http:\/\/scholarlyoa.com\/2013\/10\/15\/mysterious-publisher-launches-with-44-journals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>controllare<\/strong><\/a> da Jeffrey Beall in attesa che la comunit\u00e0 scientifica si dia una mossa, invece di lasciarlo solo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***<\/p>\n<p>La tabella quotidiana dell&#8217;<em>Economist<\/em> \u00e8 sulle vittime della schiavit\u00f9. Riporta solo una parte del\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.globalslaveryindex.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Slavery Index<\/a> <\/strong>di Walk Free, cmq \u00e8 un\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/graphicdetail\/2013\/10\/daily-chart-13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>pugno nello stomaco<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ormai \u00e8 un sollevamento generale contro abusi, misconduct, editoria \u00a0predona, conflitti d&#8217;interesse e altri malanni denunciati da un decennio a questa parte. L&#8217;Economist spiega &#8220;How science goes wrong&#8221; dal suo punto di vista, ovviamente, quindi se la prende soprattutto con il pattume che danneggia di pi\u00f9 l&#8217;economia. L&#8217;editoriale riassume &#8220;Trouble at the Lab&#8221; che riassume&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2013\/10\/18\/fidarsi-ma-verificare\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Fidarsi, ma verificare<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[2131,4535,5263,5844,5869,5952,6152],"class_list":["post-20288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-profit","tag-economist","tag-misconduct","tag-peer-review","tag-retraction-watch","tag-ricerca-scadente","tag-risultati-non-replicabili","tag-schiavitu","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20288"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20288\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41854,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20288\/revisions\/41854"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}