{"id":26652,"date":"2014-11-27T14:10:01","date_gmt":"2014-11-27T13:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=26652"},"modified":"2021-10-10T20:48:56","modified_gmt":"2021-10-10T18:48:56","slug":"fuori-di-bandana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2014\/11\/27\/fuori-di-bandana\/","title":{"rendered":"Fuori di bandana"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Silvio Berlusconi non ha deluso i suoi elettori. Ieri per promuovere il libro del suo umile servo ha <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilpost.it\/2014\/11\/26\/silvio-berlusconi-ebola\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rivelato <\/a><\/strong>che<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>in Africa occidentale i malati di Ebola vengono bruciati vivi nelle loro &#8220;casupole&#8221; dai pompieri,<\/li>\n<li>il virus si diffonde per via aerea,<\/li>\n<li>muta talmente in fretta che in 15 giorni un vaccino \u00e8 da buttare<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>e altre amenit\u00e0 senza che l&#8217;umile servo battesse ciglio. (h\/t M.M.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p><strong>Open access<\/strong><br \/>\nNella realt\u00e0 invece, succede che le squadre incaricate di seppellire le vittime <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-30191938\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">facciano sciopero<\/a>.\u00a0E\u00a0proprio ieri sul <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1410863\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>New England Journal of Medicine<\/em><\/a><\/strong> (NEJM) sono usciti i dati preliminari del trial (fase 1) con il vaccino bivalente Ebola Zaire e Sudan\u00a0della GSK, con un bel pezzo fatto da italiani. Nei 20 volontari sani non \u00e8 tossico, un sollievo, e sicuro solo in parte: per es. il livello degli anticorpi e la febbre aumentano con la dose. Un dose elevata di particelle virali \u00e8 un problema in pi\u00f9, perch\u00e9 i tempi di produzione sono molto lunghi.<\/p>\n<p>Tra poco dovrebbero arrivare i dati preliminari degli altri trial:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8230; since the Zaire species of ebolavirus is responsible for the 2014 epidemic,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1410863#ref3\" rel=\"#refLayer\">3<\/a>\u00a0a monovalent cAd3-EBO Zaire vaccine (cAd3-EBOZ) has also been prepared. This has been done to increase the manufacturing capacity and is supported by preclinical data in nonhuman primates that showed the efficacy of the monovalent cAd3-EBOZ.This vaccine is currently being evaluated in the United States, United Kingdom, Mali, Uganda, and Switzerland in expanded phase 1\/1B clinical trials and should provide the basis for dose selection and efficacy evaluation of cAd3-EBOZ in the current epidemic. <\/em><br \/>\n<em>In addition, an MVA-EBO booster vaccine will be evaluated in upcoming clinical trials on the basis of improved immunogenicity and durable protection achieved by administration of a booster vaccine in cAd3-EBO-primed nonhuman primates.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Rif. anche l&#8217;<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMe1414305\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editoriale <\/a><\/strong>che sottolinea altri problemi ancora, l&#8217;<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/us-ebola-vaccine-trial-reports-positive-results-1.16417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">articolo di\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em> <\/a><\/strong>e\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/currents.plos.org\/outbreaks\/article\/projected-impact-of-vaccination-timing-and-dose-availability-on-the-course-of-the-2014-west-african-ebola-epidemic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">questo modello<\/a><\/strong> per il numero minimo di dosi e i tempi di vaccinazione che porterebbero a un contenimento massimo. Come gli altri, soffre di una carenza di dati&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Aggiornamento di <em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/oggiscienza.wordpress.com\/2014\/11\/27\/emergency-e-il-medico-in-cura-a-roma\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oggi Scienza <\/a><\/strong><\/em>sul medico di Emergency ricoverato a Roma; conteggio globale del <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/outbreaks\/2014-west-africa\/case-counts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CDC<\/a><\/strong>, e dati dell&#8217;<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/ebola\/25-november-2014-mali\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OMS<\/a><\/strong> su due nuovi casi in Mali.<\/p>\n<p>Il Pasteur di Bamako \u00e8 ben attrezzato e dovrebbe riuscire a limitare la diffusione, ma il ritorno del cadavere del grande Imam di Guinea a Kour\u00e9mal\u00e9, dopo la morte il 27 ottobre,<\/p>\n<p><em>for a funeral the following day, attracted a large number of mourners. These events ignited additional chains of transmission in Guinea, including several deaths, which are currently under investigation by WHO epidemiologists. Most of these patients had symptom onset in early to mid-November, indicating ongoing chains of transmission.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In Sierra Leone , il governo ha cominciato a pubblicare i propri <a href=\"http:\/\/health.gov.sl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Ebola-Update-November-25-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aggiornamenti<\/a>, dovrebbe essere un buon segno&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Nature&#8217;s digest<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Un <strong><a href=\"ww.nature.com\/news\/ebola-opportunity-1.16413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editoriale<\/a><\/strong> condivide il &#8220;cauto ottimismo&#8221; del <em>NEJM\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>An apparent slowdown in new cases of Ebola disease in Liberia and Guinea should be taken advantage of. Almost one year after an Ebola epidemic began in West Africa there are at last encouraging signs that it may be receding in some regions. But those responding to the epidemic must not drop their guard \u2014 rather, they should seize upon the chance to finish the job.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">E&#8217; anche merito degli aiuti internazionali che riescono finalmente a superare gli ostacoli burocratici, ma soprattutto &#8211; come dall&#8217;inizio &#8211; di M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>With its caseloads falling in recent weeks, MSF is coming out of the trenches and taking the fight to the virus, sending mobile teams and smaller treatment centres to the sites of new outbreaks to try to nip them in the bud. MSF sensibly wants other aid groups to adapt in a similar way. It will be a challenge for the more bureaucratic UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response, and the US and other national Ebola-treatment efforts, to quickly change their plans, because they are mainly based around large centres. But it is crucial that the response to Ebola is flexible in the face of the shifting epidemiology.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/515465a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Editoriale<\/strong> <\/a>\u00a0critico sull&#8217;accordo USA-Cina per i gas serra e <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/515473a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">articolo<\/a> di Jeff Tollefson che lo vede come un&#8217;apertura per il vertice di Lima.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Nelle news, una<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/key-galapagos-research-station-in-trouble-1.16410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> un po&#8217; desolante<\/a>. Il governo ecuadoriano ha costretto la stazione di ricerca Darwin a chiudere il negozio di libri, ricordi ecc. perch\u00e9 portava via clienti agli altri esercenti. Cos\u00ec la stazione ha perso il 10% dei suoi finanziamenti, pi\u00f9 altri di donatori che non vogliono sostenerla se il governo non lo fa. La cosa idiota \u00e8 che gli esercenti si sono installati nelle Galapagos proprio perch\u00e9 la stazione attirava migliaia di visitatori. Adesso rischia di chiudere e tutti gli altri pure&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Gli amici di Retraction Watch <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/publishing-the-peer-review-scam-1.16400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raccontano<\/a> &#8220;l&#8217;imbroglio della peer-review&#8221; organizzato in Corea del sud, ma<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Moon&#8217;s was not an isolated case. In the past 2 years, journals have been forced to retract more than 110 papers in at least 6 instances of peer-review rigging. What all these cases had in common was that researchers exploited vulnerabilities in the publishers&#8217; computerized systems to dupe editors into accepting manuscripts, often by doing their own reviews. The cases involved publishing behemoths Elsevier, Springer, Taylor &amp; Francis, SAGE and Wiley, as well as Informa, and they exploited security flaws that \u2014 in at least one of the systems \u2014 could make researchers vulnerable to even more serious identity theft. \u201cFor a piece of software that&#8217;s used by hundreds of thousands of academics worldwide, it really is appalling,\u201d says Mark Dingemanse, a linguist at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, who has used some of these programs to publish and review papers.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Nei papers, segnalo giusto i<strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v515\/n7528\/full\/nature13963.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">modelli paleoclimatici<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0di Zhengyu Liu e un gruppo sino-americano per simulare la variabilit\u00e0 dell&#8217;ENSO su 21 mila anni (dall&#8217;ultima grande glaciazione) con quattro forzanti principali: orbita terrestre, ritiro delle calotte glaciali, scioglimento dei ghiacci, gas serra:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Consistent with most palaeo-ENSO reconstructions, our model simulates an orbitally induced strengthening of ENSO during the Holocene epoch, which is caused by increasing positive ocean\u2013atmosphere feedbacks. During the early deglaciation, ENSO characteristics change drastically in response to meltwater discharges and the resulting changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and equatorial annual cycle. Increasing deglacial atmospheric CO2\u00a0concentrations tend to weaken ENSO, whereas retreating glacial ice sheets intensify ENSO.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Senza illusioni, le incertezze da ridurre sono ancora tante.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v515\/n7528\/full\/nature13959.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Tilman e\u00a0Michael Clark<\/a><\/strong> hanno un modello che proietta nel futuro il &#8220;trilemma&#8221; alimentazione-salute-ambiente. La dieta mediterranea \u00e8 la pi\u00f9 raccomandata per limitare diabete, malattie cardiovascolari ecc. se \u00e8 anche &#8220;pescivora e vegetariana&#8221;. Ma \u00e8 sempre meno diffusa:<\/p>\n<p><em>By 2050 these dietary trends, if unchecked, would be a major contributor to an estimated 80 per cent increase in global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions from food production and to global land clearing. Moreover, these dietary shifts are greatly increasing the incidence of type II diabetes, coronary heart disease and other chronic non-communicable diseases that lower global life expectancies.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ehm&#8230; i francesi s&#8217;abbuffano di cassoulet e son longevi lo stesso.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Silvio Berlusconi non ha deluso i suoi elettori. Ieri per promuovere il libro del suo umile servo ha rivelato che in Africa occidentale i malati di Ebola vengono bruciati vivi nelle loro &#8220;casupole&#8221; dai pompieri, il virus si diffonde per via aerea, muta talmente in fretta che in 15 giorni un vaccino \u00e8 da buttare&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2014\/11\/27\/fuori-di-bandana\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Fuori di bandana<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,8,10,20],"tags":[329,1807,2109,2329,2351,4563,7108],"class_list":["post-26652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ambiente","category-bufala","category-clima","category-medicina","tag-alimentazione","tag-darwin-research-station","tag-ebola","tag-enso","tag-epidemiologia","tag-modelli","tag-vaccini","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26652"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42742,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26652\/revisions\/42742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}