{"id":27845,"date":"2015-05-29T21:33:48","date_gmt":"2015-05-29T19:33:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=27845"},"modified":"2021-10-17T17:40:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-17T15:40:00","slug":"correlazioni-stravaganti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2015\/05\/29\/correlazioni-stravaganti\/","title":{"rendered":"Correlazioni stravaganti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/i2.wp.com\/flowingdata.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/Divorce-rate-in-Maine-vs-margarine.png?fit=620%2C9999\" alt=\"Divorce rate in Maine vs margarine\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ci aveva gi\u00e0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.venganza.org\/images\/PiratesVsTemp.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pensato<\/a> la Chiesa del mostro degli <a href=\"http:\/\/www.venganza.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spaghetti volanti<\/a>. Questa volta,\u00a0<em>Science<\/em> segnala il <a href=\"http:\/\/tylervigen.com\/spurious-correlations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sito<\/a> (dall&#8217;anno scorso anche un libro) di Tyler Vigen dove ci sono circa 30 mila esempi di correlazioni quasi perfette: r = 0,992558 vorrete mica che sia una coincidenza?\u00a0Agli insegnanti di statistica e dintorni, consiglio di scaricare il <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/powerpoint\/348\/6238\/980.2\/F2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">power point<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6238\/953.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christina Larson <\/a>parla di alcune ricerche in corso su riscaldamento globale e agricoltura. Fra le piante consumate per il sapore pi\u00f9 che per il contenuto calorico, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6238\/954.1.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sono a rischio<\/a> t\u00e8, caff\u00e8, cacao, sciroppo d&#8217;acero e ciliegie (quest&#8217;anno san di niente infatti), invece:<\/p>\n<p><em>Call it global warming&#8217;s health dividend. The leaves and roots of tobacco grown in elevated CO<sub>2<\/sub> environments have less nicotine, the secondary metabolite that makes cigarettes addictive, according to the Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research in Germany.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dividendo nel senso che bisogna fumare di pi\u00f9?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6238\/956.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeffrey Mervis<\/a> sente il parere dei vari interessati sulle bozze di legge per una &#8220;scienza nel pubblico interesse&#8221; preparate dai repubblicani fondamentalisti e bigoilisti del Texas, Lamar Smith e John Culberson:<\/p>\n<p><em>many scientists believe that the bills, if enacted without any changes, would have disastrous consequences. The scientists and their allies say congressional Republicans are using the phrase to cut spending they don&#8217;t like and to give lawmakers undue influence over NSF&#8217;s grantsmaking system.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Il sogno del dott. F****i, insomma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Dopo David Cyranovski ieri su <em>Nature,<\/em> anche\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6238\/954.2.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gretchen Vogel<\/a> interviene sulla\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2015\/05\/28\/misconduct-found-in-7-papers-by-macchiarini-says-english-write-up-of-investigation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">misconduct<\/a>\u00a0del chirurgo Paolo Macchiarini, al Karolinska Institute.<\/p>\n<p>Ha omesso dati negativi in sette articoli su pazienti ai quali aveva trapiantato una trachea artificiale ricoperta di cellule staminali. Succede spesso, ma su 8 operati con &#8220;protocollo compassionevole&#8221;, due hanno avuto complicazioni, e il paper su <em>The Lancet<\/em> &#8211; il pi\u00f9 &#8220;abbellito&#8221; &#8211; riguarda un paziente, poi morto, che<\/p>\n<p><em>did well for at least a year after his initial surgery. He finished his master&#8217;s degree and had a second child after the transplant, Jungebluth <\/em>(uno dei co-autori)<em> notes. All the patients who received artificial tracheae were complex medical cases who had no other options, he says, and post-transplant complications were to be expected.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Quelli operati quand&#8217;era a Firenze sono tuttora vivi, se non sbaglio. Comunque l&#8217;accusa di aver operato senza consenso informato \u00e8 caduta, come il resto dell&#8217;\u00e9quipe (comprendeva parecchi stranieri come lui, con una conoscenza minima dello svedese), Macchiarini ha firmato quelli preparati dalla direzione dell&#8217;ospedale che potrebbe non aver usati quelli per il &#8220;protocollo compassionevole&#8221; come richiesto per legge.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Nei media anglofoni si parla parecchio del <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aaa3841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper <\/a><\/strong>di Xiaoqing Hu <em>et al<\/em>. sui pregiudizi razzisti e misogini che in 20 volontari (+ 20 per il controllo) scompaiono per una settimana dopo un &#8220;allenamento&#8221; da svegli e un suono che ne richiama il ricordo durante una pennichella non REM di un&#8217;ora e mezzo. Mah&#8230; <em>replication, please<\/em>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6238\/971.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Feld &amp; Born<\/a> non hanno da ridire sull&#8217;esperimento, comunque avvertono<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-9\"><em>Unless the underlying mechanisms are understood, there is a risk that seemingly marginal changes in the procedures of targeted memory reactivation during sleep might produce precisely opposite results of the desired effects. Indeed, just such reversals have been seen in studies applying this method to counter fear responses.\u00a0\u00a0The possibility of such an outcome is further suggested by interventions that paradoxically increase social bias instead of reducing it.<\/em><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-10\"><em>There is little doubt that the study of Hu\u00a0et al.\u2014with its clear implications for society\u2014will motivate research to resolve these remaining issues. However, Aldous Huxley&#8217;s description of a dystopian \u201cbrave new world\u201d where young children are conditioned to certain values during sleep reminds us that this research also needs to be guided by ethical considerations&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Il <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/348\/6238\/1007.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper<\/a> seguente di Tom\u00e0s Ryan et al. del MIT racconta esperimenti\u00a0<em>in vitro<\/em> e <em>in vivo<\/em> sui topi la cui amnesia creata da inibitori di certe proteine, viene annullata quando i neuroni dell&#8217;ippocampo e dell&#8217;amigdala, che &#8220;registrano&#8221; (engram) i ricordi, sono attivati dalla luce:<\/p>\n<p><em>The integrative memory engram-based approach used here for parsing memory and amnesia into encoding, consolidation, and retrieval aspects may be of wider use to other experimental and clinical cases of amnesia, such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0***<\/p>\n<p>Ai primi di aprile, il biologo molecolare di Harvard e &#8220;gonzo journalist&#8221; John Bohannon ha adescato un predone dell&#8217;open access (e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.it\/search?q=chocolate+diet+weight+loss&amp;oq=chocolate+diet&amp;aqs=chrome.3.69i57j0l5.6921j0j4&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;es_sm=93&amp;ie=UTF-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">giornalisti<\/a> <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/espresso.repubblica.it\/food\/dettaglio\/il-cioccolato-aiuta-a-dimagrire\/2228024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">boccaloni<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>e<strong> &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/paolocavacece.it\/tag\/chocolate-with-high-cocoa-content-as-a-weight-loss-accelerator\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medici alternativi<\/a>&#8221; <\/strong>in venti paesi) che per 600 euro ha pubblicato su\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.intarchmed.com\/\">International Archives of Medicine<\/a><\/em>\u00a0una <a href=\"http:\/\/www.scribd.com\/doc\/266969860\/Chocolate-causes-weight-loss\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ricerca<\/a> (vera) sul cioccolato nero che aiuta a dimagrire.<\/p>\n<p>Adesso il direttore della rivista sostiene di averla rifiutata, peccato che John Bohannon abbia tenuto la corrispondenza e che <a href=\"http:\/\/www.burtonsys.com\/Chocolate_with_high_Cocoa_content_as_a_weight-loss_accelerator.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internet<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.burtonsys.com\/Chocolate_with_high_Cocoa_content_as_a_weight-loss_accelerator2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ricordi<\/a>&#8230; Dettagli da <a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2015\/05\/28\/chocolate-diet-study-publisher-claims-paper-was-actually-rejected-only-live-for-some-hours-email-however-says\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Retraction Watch<\/a>\u00a0e sopratutto dal\u00a0<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/io9.com\/i-fooled-millions-into-thinking-chocolate-helps-weight-1707251800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">primo autore<\/a><\/strong>, nel paper detto Johannes e dietologo in un centro che consiste in un sito web.<\/p>\n<p>Mostra quanto sia facile ottenere ottenere un valore P significativo misurando molti parametri in pochi volontari. Per il successo mediatico invece,<\/p>\n<p><em>The key is to exploit journalists\u2019 incredible laziness. If you lay out the information just right, you can shape the story that emerges in the media almost like you were writing those stories yourself. In fact, that\u2019s literally what you\u2019re doing, since many reporters just copied and pasted our text.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Take a look at the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/instituteofdiet.com\/2015\/03\/29\/international-press-release-slim-by-chocolate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release<\/a> I cooked up. It has everything. In reporter lingo: a sexy lede, a clear nut graf, some punchy quotes, and a kicker. And there\u2019s no need to even read the scientific paper because the key details are already boiled down. I took special care to keep it accurate. Rather than tricking journalists, the goal was to lure them with a completely typical press release about a research paper. (Of course, what\u2019s missing is the number of subjects and the minuscule weight differences between the groups.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Poi i giornali si copiano l&#8217;un l&#8217;altro ed \u00e8 fatta. <a href=\"http:\/\/retractionwatch.com\/2015\/05\/28\/should-the-chocolate-diet-sting-study-be-retracted-and-why-the-coverage-doesnt-surprise-a-news-watchdog\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sembra etico<\/a>? Era per un <a href=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8wQEYoyCU-g&amp;feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">documentario tedesco<\/a> che denuncia le bufale sulle diete.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ci aveva gi\u00e0 pensato la Chiesa del mostro degli spaghetti volanti. Questa volta,\u00a0Science segnala il sito (dall&#8217;anno scorso anche un libro) di Tyler Vigen dove ci sono circa 30 mila esempi di correlazioni quasi perfette: r = 0,992558 vorrete mica che sia una coincidenza?\u00a0Agli insegnanti di statistica e dintorni, consiglio di scaricare il power point.&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2015\/05\/29\/correlazioni-stravaganti\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Correlazioni stravaganti<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,10,19],"tags":[214,2144,3746,4535,4789,5120,5178,6513],"class_list":["post-27845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bufala","category-clima","category-matematica","tag-agricoltura","tag-editori-predoni","tag-john-bohannon","tag-misconduct","tag-neuroscienze","tag-p-value","tag-paolo-macchiarini","tag-statistica","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27845"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27845\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43107,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27845\/revisions\/43107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}