{"id":28289,"date":"2015-08-13T16:10:07","date_gmt":"2015-08-13T14:10:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=28289"},"modified":"2021-10-17T22:06:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-17T20:06:00","slug":"genio-e-geni-della-piovra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2015\/08\/13\/genio-e-geni-della-piovra\/","title":{"rendered":"Genio e geni della piovra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pensavo di rinfrescarmi i neuroni leggendo i passi preferiti di vecchi libri, Queneau e Montaigne, cos\u00ec le vacanze \u00a0finiscono prima che mi tuffi nel <em>Finnegans Wake<\/em> e sullo slancio superi la pagina 50 invece di addormentarmi &#8211; ma anche la scienza ha un 24\/7 news cycle e come si fa a resistere?<\/p>\n<p>Il paper sensazionale di oggi \u00e8 il genoma e il trascrittoma della piovra\u00a0<em>Octopus bimaculoides<\/em> in copertina di <em>Nature<\/em>, con &#8220;l&#8217;evoluzione neurale e le novit\u00e0 morfologiche dei cefalopodi&#8221;, un <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v524\/n7564\/full\/nature14668.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">racconto<\/a> lungo 270 milioni di anni attraverso centinaia di specie (ci sono anche confronti con la <em>Drosophila melanogaster<\/em>), e soltanto 2 famiglie di geni, a cura di <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v524\/n7564\/full\/nature14668.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caroline Albertin et al<\/a>. tra cui il venerando Sidney Brenner.<\/p>\n<p>In open access, ci metto almeno due giorni a digerirlo, per non parlare delle valanghe di materiali supplementari.<\/p>\n<p>In super-sintesi, duplicazioni niente, circa 33 mila geni al posto dei nostri circa 24 mila, e soprattutto:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0One of the most remarkable gene groups is the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protocadherin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">protocadherins<\/a>, which regulate the development of neurons and the short-range interactions between them. The octopus has 168 of these genes \u2014 more than twice as many as mammals. This resonates with the creature\u2019s unusually large brain and the organ\u2019s even-stranger anatomy.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Il <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v524\/n7564\/full\/nature14861.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper<\/a> &#8211; sempre in open access &#8211; del<a href=\"http:\/\/base.web.cern.ch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> gruppo BASE<\/a> coordinato da Stefan Ulmer che lavora con il deceleratore di anti-protoni al CERN non \u00e8 niente male, ma gli mancano la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.octopusworlds.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beautiful_Two_Spot_Octopus_600.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bellezza<\/a>, l&#8217;<strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/octopus-genome-holds-clues-to-uncanny-intelligence-1.18177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">intelligenza<\/a><\/strong>, il coordinamento motorio, la prontezza di riflessi, insomma <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/634j7m5U5II\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tutto quello<\/a><\/strong> che va invidiato a un capolavoro dell&#8217;evoluzione come l&#8217;<em>O.bi<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>I fisici hanno misurato con precisione finora inaudita\u00a0il rapporto carica-massa di un antiprotone e di un ione idrogeno a carica negativa, in una\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cds.cern.ch\/record\/2042203\/files\/TrapAssembled.jpg?subformat=icon-1440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trappola Penning<\/a> costruita 20 anni fa. Scrivono gli autori:<\/p>\n<p><em>Invariance under the charge, parity, time-reversal (CPT) transformation is one of the fundamental symmetries of the standard model of particle physics. This CPT invariance implies that the fundamental properties of antiparticles and their matter-conjugates are identical, apart from signs. &#8230;\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dal commento di <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v524\/n7564\/full\/524168a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Klaus Jungmann<\/a><br \/>\n<em>Highly precise experiments at low energies, such as this, are complementary to searches for evidence of fundamental symmetry violations in high-energy particle colliders. There is still no indication whether CPT- or CP-symmetry violations may be responsible for the matter\u2013antimatter asymmetry and for any possible, but as yet unknown, differences between particles and antiparticles. Scientists therefore look forward to improved results from ongoing, well-motivated precision experiments, involving antiprotons in particular, which sustain the attack on one of the most intriguing questions in physics.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>In effetti, dalle misure di BASE, il rapporto massa-energia risulta identico entro 69 parti per milione di miliardi. A qualcuno rincrescer\u00e0 l&#8217;ennesima conferma del modello standard, mi sa&#8230; <a href=\"http:\/\/home.web.cern.ch\/about\/updates\/2015\/08\/base-compares-protons-antiprotons-high-precision\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Com. stampa<\/a> del CERN.<\/p>\n<p>In tema, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/age-of-the-neutrino-plans-to-decipher-mysterious-particle-take-shape-1.18159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elizabeth Gidney<\/a> descrive i vari esperimenti per svelare i &#8220;misteri del neutrino&#8221;, compresi quelli progettati.<\/p>\n<p>Nelle news, ce ne sono due per le Ong, oltre all&#8217;<a href=\"Dean Karlan, an economist at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, says that it is probably too late for the project itself to advance the science of global development in a significant way, but he credits Sachs with raising awareness about global poverty issues. \u201cI do see it as a missed opportunity,\u201d Karlan says, \u201cbut in the grand scheme of things there are tons of missed opportunities.\u201d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editoriale<\/a>. L&#8217;economista Jeffrey Sachs ha accettato verifiche indipendenti dell&#8217;efficacia del Millennium Villages Project affidatogli dall&#8217;Onu, che doveva sollevare i beneficiari dalla povert\u00e0. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/millennium-villages-project-launches-retrospective-analysis-1.18157\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeff Tollefson <\/a>trova pochi ammiratori:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cThe trumpeting of the project as a model is just indescribably disproportionate to the deafening silence about its actual results,\u201d says Michael Clemens, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a non-profit think tank in Washington DC&#8230;<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Dean Karlan, an economist at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, says that it is probably too late for the project itself to advance the science of global development in a significant way, but he credits Sachs with raising awareness about global poverty issues. \u201cI do see it as a missed opportunity,\u201d Karlan says, \u201cbut in the grand scheme of things there are tons of missed opportunities.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ne trova <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/can-randomized-trials-eliminate-global-poverty-1.18176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parecchi<\/a> per i progetti di Ester Duflo e altri economisti che fanno &#8220;randomized controlled trials&#8221; noti come &#8220;randomistas&#8221; ma<\/p>\n<p><em>Not everyone is convinced. Sceptics argue that the randomistas&#8217; focus on evaluating specific aid programmes can lead them to lose sight of things such as energy, infrastructure, trade and corruption \u2014 macroeconomic issues that are central to a country&#8217;s ability to prosper, but that are effectively impossible to randomize. \u201cDevelopment is ultimately about politics,\u201d says Angus Deaton, an economist at Princeton University in New Jersey.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Che scoperta, allora se fem? Stiamo a guardare finch\u00e9 piove dal cielo una democrazia partecipativa, onesta e trasparente?<\/p>\n<p><em>Duflo shrugs off the debate and says that she is merely trying to provide government officials with the information \u2014 and tools \u2014 that they need to help them spend their money more wisely. \u201cThe best use of international aid money should be to generate evidence and lessons for national governments,\u201d she says.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;Onu ne terr\u00e0 conto per gli Scopi dello sviluppo sostenibile?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Earth Overshoot Day<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lampiris.be\/sites\/lampiris.be\/files\/lampiris-overshootday_0.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iclei.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/ICLEI_WS\/Documents\/newsbit_documents_2015\/150811_EOD2015_PR_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oggi<\/a> abbiamo esaurito le risorse del pianeta che dovevano durarci fino al 31 dicembre, 6 giorni prima che nel 2014, e consumiamo le riserve dei nostri figli. Come lo sappiamo?<br \/>\nProviamo a spiegare le stime, gli assunti e le\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critiche<\/a>\u00a0del Breakthrough Institute (un gruppo di economisti e politologi contro il &#8220;principio di precauzione&#8221; in materia ambientale, e <a href=\"http:\/\/ethics.harvard.edu\/blog\/breakthrough-institutes-inconvenient-history-al-gore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">favolosamente ottimista<\/a> sui vantaggi per i poveri dell&#8217;inquinamento e del risc. glob.) a radio popolare network, dalle 20 in poi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.radiopopolare.it\/poplive\/diretta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Streaming qui<\/a>, per intervenire in diretta tel. 02 33 001 001, mail\u00a0diretta@popolarenetwork.it e\u00a0SMS 331 62 14 013<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pensavo di rinfrescarmi i neuroni leggendo i passi preferiti di vecchi libri, Queneau e Montaigne, cos\u00ec le vacanze \u00a0finiscono prima che mi tuffi nel Finnegans Wake e sullo slancio superi la pagina 50 invece di addormentarmi &#8211; ma anche la scienza ha un 24\/7 news cycle e come si fa a resistere? Il paper sensazionale&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2015\/08\/13\/genio-e-geni-della-piovra\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Genio e geni della piovra<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3,15,16,17,23],"tags":[1212,2102,2415,2483,3721,4515,4556,5393,5470,5945,6333],"class_list":["post-28289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-altri-animali","category-ambiente","category-economia","category-fisica","category-genetica","category-non-profit","tag-cefalopodi","tag-earth-overshoot-day","tag-ester-duflo","tag-evoluzione","tag-jeffrey-sachs","tag-millennium-villages","tag-mllennium-villages","tag-piovre","tag-popolare-network","tag-risorse","tag-simmetria-cpt","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28289"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43252,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28289\/revisions\/43252"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}