{"id":28712,"date":"2015-09-30T14:26:54","date_gmt":"2015-09-30T12:26:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=28712"},"modified":"2021-12-05T15:44:27","modified_gmt":"2021-12-05T14:44:27","slug":"epsilon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/30\/epsilon\/","title":{"rendered":"Epsilon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Buone notizie per le balene: la Shell rinuncia a estrarre petrolio nell&#8217;Artico e la Nuova Zelanda dichiara <a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isole_Kermadec\">l&#8217;arcipelago delle Kermadec<\/a>, a nord del paese, un <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/about\/news-room\/press-releases\/2015\/09\/28\/pew-praises-new-zealands-announcement-of-kermadecs-marine-sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">santuario oceanico<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Sar\u00e0 contento Gvdr e forse anche i bretoni: le isole si chiamano cos\u00ec in onore del marchese di Kermadec che le aveva &#8220;scoperte&#8221; durante la spedizione <a title=\"Moltiplicare pani e pesci\" href=\"\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exp%C3%A9dition_d%27Entrecasteaux#Nouvelle-Z.C3.A9lande_et_Pacifique_sud\">Entrecasteaux<\/a>, poco prima di morire di scorbuto e di tisi nel 1793. Al contrario del fratello, era abbastanza democratico&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Su <em>Nature<\/em>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/has-giant-ligo-experiment-seen-gravitational-waves-1.18449\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Davide Castelvecchi<\/a> cerca conferme delle voci <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gp.se\/nyheter\/goteborg\/1.2843794-goteborgsforskare-havdar-lyckats-med-fusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sulle<\/a> onde gravitazionali forse rilevate da <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ligo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LIGO<\/a> appena 10 giorni dopo l&#8217;upgrade, stando a un<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/LKrauss1\/status\/647510799678750720\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> tweet<\/a> di Lawrence Krauss:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">But those are two big ifs. LIGO will not confirm or deny the rumours. \u201cThe official response is that we\u2019re analysing the data,\u201d says spokesperson Gabriela Gonz\u00e1lez, a physicist at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge. Gonzalez was upset at the possibility that someone in the LIGO team might have initiated the rumour, although Krauss and other researchers told\u00a0me that they did not hear it directly from members of the LIGO collaboration. \u00a0\u201cI give it a 10\u201315% likelihood of being right,\u201d says Krauss&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Tim Palmer vuole un nuovo mega-super-computer meno &#8220;esatto&#8221; e &#8220;deterministico&#8221; di quelli attuali, per esempio per simulare il cervello umano o l&#8217;effetto di &#8220;singole nubi&#8221; nei modelli climatici:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00a0In particular, we should question whether all scientific computations need to be performed deterministically \u2014 that is, always producing the same output given the same input \u2014 and with the same high level of precision. I argue that for many applications they do not.(&#8230;)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">High-performance computation is rapidly overtaking traditional experimentation in many scientific disciplines. In designing the next generation of supercomputers, we must embrace inexactness if that allows a more efficient use of energy and thereby increases the accuracy and reliability of our simulations.<\/p>\n<p>Non ho capito come possono essere pi\u00f9 accurate e affidabili se per l&#8217;equazione di Clausius-Clapeyron per dire, danno risultati diversi. A proposito&#8230;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/ErdosTao_Main_660.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Il problema della discrepanza<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/polopoly_fs\/7.29882.1443434517!\/image\/Paul_Erdos_with_Terence_Tao.jpg_gen\/derivatives\/fullsize\/Paul_Erdos_with_Terence_Tao.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bella<\/a> questa foto di Terence Tao che studia con Paul Erd\u00f6s, vero? Aveva dieci anni ed era un &#8220;epsilon&#8221; come il matematico chiamava i bambini con i quali amava discutere e lavorare. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wired.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/TerenceTao02.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tao<\/a> ha messo su arXiv la <a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1509.05363\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prova<\/a> di una congettura fatta da\u00a0Erd\u00f6s\u00a0negli anni Trenta, scrive <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/maths-whizz-solves-a-master-s-riddle-1.18441\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chris Cesare<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">any infinite string of the numbers 1 and -1 could add up to an arbitrarily large (positive or negative) value by counting only the numbers at a fixed interval for a finite number of steps.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Tao\u2019s proof comes after years of attempts to solve the problem by hand and computer. The most recent campaign began in December 2009 and gathered steam in 2010. Mathematician Tim Gowers at the University of Cambridge, UK, suggested focusing on Erd\u00f6s\u2019s problem for the fifth\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v461\/n7266\/full\/461879a.html\">PolyMath Project<\/a>, an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/crowd-sourcing-strength-in-numbers-1.14757\">online collaboration<\/a>\u00a0in which mathematicians work together on a single mathematical puzzle. Tao was one of several dozen participants.<\/p>\n<p>Nel 2012 parecchi avevano lasciato perdere, dopo alti e bassi:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00a0Tao had been working on a different problem early in September, when a timely comment on his blog suggested that the problem might be related to the Erd\u00f6s conjecture. \u201cAt first, I thought the connection was only superficial,\u201d says Tao. But he quickly realized that combining the commenter&#8217;s fresh insight with previous results could lead to a solution. He submitted his paper less than two weeks later and included an acknowledgement thanking the commenter, <a href=\"http:\/\/math.stackexchange.com\/users\/90022\/uwe-stroinski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uwe Stroinski<\/a>, a maths instructor in Reutlingen, Germany, who holds a PhD in mathematics from the University of T\u00fcbingen.<\/p>\n<p>(link aggiunto). La collaborazione prosegue nella rivista in open access Diamond, come raccontavo <a href=\"http:\/\/oggiscienza.it\/2015\/09\/16\/open-access-peer-review-diamond\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anche qui<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Tao has submitted his proof to the open-access journal\u00a0Discrete Analysis, run by Gowers<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Deve superare la peer-review, ma aveva pubblicato tutto sul suo <a href=\"https:\/\/terrytao.wordpress.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog<\/a> (c&#8217;\u00e8 una <a title=\"Exodus - O's digest\" href=\"https:\/\/terrytao.wordpress.com\/2015\/09\/18\/the-logarithmically-averaged-chowla-and-elliott-conjectures-for-two-point-correlations-the-erdos-discrepancy-problem\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seconda parte<\/a>), quindi la peer-review \u00e8 stata collettiva e immediata.<br \/>\nE&#8217; la seconda soluzione dei &#8220;progetti PolyMath&#8221;, gli altri sono stati &#8220;abbandonati con discrezione&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/gowers.wordpress.com\/2015\/09\/20\/edp28-problem-solved-by-terence-tao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scrive<\/a> Tim Gowers. Ma<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Gil Kalai has said on his blog that he plans to start a new project: I hope it will happen soon. And at some point when I feel slightly less busy, I would like to start one too, on another notorious problem with an elementary statement. It would be interesting to see whether a large group of people thinking together could find anything new to say about, for example, Frankl\u2019s union-closed conjecture, or the asymptotics of Ramsey numbers, or the cap-set problem, or \u2026<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Il nuovo progetto \u00e8 la<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Erd\u00f6s-Rado Delta system conjecture\u00a0which was one of the combinatorial problems on Tim\u2019s list.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u00c8\u00a0il problema del girasole: come si combinano i<a href=\"https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helianthus_annuus#Fiore\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> singoli insiemi<\/a> &#8211; i petali della corolla &#8211; con il calice, se ho capito bene. Nei progetti in via di formulazione ci sono pure l&#8217;ipotesi di Riemann e P = NP, intramontabili. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Kalai e il gruppo mi erano venuti in mente quando uno dei miei\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/22passi.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/stasera-e-domani-torna-le-cat-su-radio24.html?showComment=1418337965755#c2853199095904072200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diffamatori<\/a>\u00a0preferiti aveva liquidato\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\" href=\"https:\/\/gilkalai.wordpress.com\/2015\/09\/02\/seminaire-n-bourbaki-designs-exist-after-peter-keevash-the-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bourbaki<\/a>\u00a0con<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">P.S. Bourbaki sarebbe\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/it.m.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicolas_Bourbaki\" rel=\"nofollow\">questo<\/a>? Che i matematici disquisiscano di laboratorio \u00e8 proprio da <a href=\"http:\/\/22passi.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/stasera-e-domani-torna-le-cat-su-radio24.html?showComment=1418337965755#c2853199095904072200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">barzelletta<\/a>.<span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Nel gruppo ci metto anche Ali Sadegh Daghighi, un iraniano <a href=\"http:\/\/alidaghighi.org\/blog\/the-symbolic-value-of-aleph\/#comment-30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poliglotta<\/a>.\u00a0I PolyMath sono\u00a0davvero un&#8217;internazionale, riusciranno a risolvere il problema dei visti?<\/span><br \/>\nPer chi non ha letto <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lafeltrinelli.it\/libri\/paul-hoffman\/l-uomo-che-amava-solo\/9788804484752\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>L&#8217;uomo che amava solo i numeri<\/em><\/a> (non \u00e8 vero, amava anche i suoi epsilon) di Paul Hoffman, Federico Peiretti ha fatto un bel ritratto di<em>\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/areeweb.polito.it\/didattica\/polymath\/htmlS\/Interventi\/Articoli\/Erdos\/Erdos.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erd\u00f6s<\/a> &#8211; e di altri.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">***<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Avviso a Gvdr, D&#8217;Agostaro, Celani et al.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">All&#8217;American Society for Microbiology, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/myncbi\/scott.federhen.1\/comments\/\">Scott Federsen<\/a> degli NIH <a href=\"http:\/\/mikethemadbiologist.com\/2015\/09\/28\/ncbi-to-rename-incorrect-genomes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ha detto<\/a> che sta riattribuendo alla specie giusta le sequenze di geni microbici messe nella GenBank con nomi sbagliati. Quelle senza &#8220;pubblicazione valida&#8221; verranno eliminate se gli autori non forniscono la sequenza completa del genoma, ad alta risoluzione.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Che facciamo, gli scriviamo che volevamo fare quella completa del <a href=\"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/2014\/11\/05\/ralstonia-rampadi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">batterio e\/o archeon<\/a> <em>Rasltonia<\/em> e\/o <em>Stenotrophomonas detusculanense<\/em>, ma all&#8217;ENEA non c&#8217;\u00e8 traccia della sua esistenza?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buone notizie per le balene: la Shell rinuncia a estrarre petrolio nell&#8217;Artico e la Nuova Zelanda dichiara l&#8217;arcipelago delle Kermadec, a nord del paese, un santuario oceanico. Sar\u00e0 contento Gvdr e forse anche i bretoni: le isole si chiamano cos\u00ec in onore del marchese di Kermadec che le aveva &#8220;scoperte&#8221; durante la spedizione Entrecasteaux, poco&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2015\/09\/30\/epsilon\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Epsilon<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,19],"tags":[1783,1992,3994,5009,5240,5464,5553,5720,6768],"class_list":["post-28712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ambiente","category-matematica","tag-daniele-passerini","tag-discrete-analysis","tag-ligo","tag-onde-gravitazionali","tag-paul-erdos","tag-polymath","tag-problema-della-discrepanza","tag-ralstonia-detusculanense","tag-terence-tao","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28712"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43748,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28712\/revisions\/43748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}