{"id":28845,"date":"2015-10-26T16:53:19","date_gmt":"2015-10-26T15:53:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=28845"},"modified":"2021-12-05T17:25:00","modified_gmt":"2021-12-05T16:25:00","slug":"rientro-da-ass-giust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2015\/10\/26\/rientro-da-ass-giust\/","title":{"rendered":"Rientro da ass. giust."},"content":{"rendered":"

Le informazioni sul terremoto da 7,5 gradi Richter nell’Indu Kush<\/a><\/strong> sono ancora poche, aggiorno e se serve qualcosa per i soccorsi avviso.<\/p>\n

Per ora continuo con l’O’s digest, troncato gioved\u00ec per altri impegni.<\/p>\n

Il clima di Riccioli d’oro<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anticipato on-line da Nature<\/em>, un paper<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0– raccomandato alle Ong prima della COP21 di Parigi – contraddice gli economisti <\/a>secondo i quali il riscaldamento globale giova all’economia dei paesi ricchi – in maggioranza temperati e freddi – e danneggia quella dei paesi poveri (in maggioranza caldi). Marshall Burke et al. di Stanford e UC Berkeley non trovano alcuna correlazione lineare tra la crescita della produttivit\u00e0 e l’aumento della temperatura.<\/p>\n

Partono dall’osservazione che gli anni di gran freddo e quelli di gran caldo fanno calare entrambi la produttivit\u00e0 e quindi \u00a0il PIL. Dal 1960 in poi, in un paese ricco con una temperatura media annua attorno ai 13 \u00b0C, un’anomalia calda ha un effetto positivo. Avvantaggia la Germania che sta un po’ sotto i 13 \u00b0C, per esempio, ma danneggia Stati Uniti, Cina, Brasile, India, Nigeria ecc.<\/p>\n

We quantify the potential impact of warming on national and global incomes by combining our estimated non-linear response function with \u2018business as usual\u2019 scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5) of future warming and different assumptions regarding future baseline economic and population growth.\u00a0<\/span>This approach assumes future economies respond to temperature changes similarly to today\u2019s economies\u2014perhaps a reasonable assumption given the observed lack of adaptation during our 50-year sample.<\/em>
\n(…)
\nStrong negative correlation between baseline income and baseline temperature indicates that warming may amplify global inequality because hot, poor countries will probably suffer the largest reduction in growth.. In our benchmark estimate, average income in the poorest 40% of countries declines 75% by 2100 relative to a world without climate change, while the richest 20% experience slight gains, since they are generally cooler. Models with delayed impacts do not project as dramatic differences because colder countries also suffer large losses.<\/em>
\n(…)
\nIf societies continue to function as they have in the recent past, climate change is expected to reshape the global economy by substantially reducing global economic output and possibly amplifying existing global economic inequalities, relative to a world without climate change. Adaptations such as unprecedented innovation\u00a0or defensive investments\u00a0might reduce these effects, but social conflict\u00a0or disrupted trade\u00a0<\/span>\u2014either from political restrictions or correlated losses around the world\u2014could exacerbate them.<\/em><\/p>\n

Sull’Economist<\/em>, Free Exchange<\/a><\/strong> passa in rassegna ricerche analoghe (con link ai paper) per singoli paesi. “Raffreddare le cose \u00e8 molto costoso,” conclude, ma non \u00e8 l’unico costo dei cambiamenti climatici<\/p>\n

There are many other ways, of course, that global warming will harm rich countries besides falling productivity tied to higher temperatures. Climate change will not only heat up the planet, but will also lead to sea-level rises and an increase in extreme weather, such as hurricanes. Since many big cities are on the coast, they will require protection. <\/em>(…)
\nMoreover, even if rich countries manage to fend off the worst effects of global warming, they will still feel its repercussions. Trade with more vulnerable places would decline; refugees would proliferate. The Paris climate conference this December is supposed to come up with policies to avoid such outcomes. The new findings on the baleful impacts of high temperatures should give rich countries an extra incentive to compromise.<\/em><\/p>\n

In tema, lo storico della fisica Spencer Weart riassume <\/a><\/strong>le ricerche passate sugli impatti dei cambiamenti climatici, in open access. Reazione dei bigoilisti da Sou<\/a><\/strong>…<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

\u00a0Il ritorno degli Stellarator<\/strong><\/p>\n

Salvo problemi dell’ultima ora – come tanti negli ultimi 60 anni per tutti i reattori a fusione calda – tra pochi giorni l’Istituto Max Planck<\/a> per la fisica del plasma dovrebbe provare il Wendelstein 7-X<\/a>. E’ una sorta di tokamak per\u00f2 storto e ritorto pi\u00f9 volte come un anello di Moebius. La simulazione al computer per ora sembra perfetta e il nuovo modello ha superato 16 mesi di test, ma \u00e8 successo anche alla National Ignitor Facility e ad altre versioni costruite dai privati in questi anni.<\/p>\n

Rispetto a ITER, il prototipo del Max Planck \u00e8 costato solo 1,06 miliardi di euro e – dopo numerosi rinvii – \u00e8 stato costruito nei tempi previsti quando il governo tedesco ha rinnovato i finanziamenti, scrive Daniel Clery<\/a>\u00a0su Science<\/em><\/p>\n

Success could mean a course change for fusion. The next step after ITER is a yet-to-be-designed prototype power plant called DEMO. Most experts have assumed it would be some sort of tokamak, but now some are starting to speculate about a stellarator. <\/em><\/p>\n

Il Wendelstein 7-X non produrr\u00e0 nessuna fusione, ma se resiste all’energia che consuma per confinare il plasma da “accendere”, altri progetti di stellarator saranno tirati fuori dalla naftalina. Comunque ci vorranno circa 30 anni per passare dal prototipo di laboratorio che “fonde” a centrali elettriche a fusione, anche usando ITER per collaudare nuovi materiali. Non ci conterei per ridurre dell’80% le emissioni di gas serra entro il 2050 ed evitare i +3 \u00b0C e i relativi danni.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Guarda caso, l’editoriale di Science<\/em>\u00a0\u00e8 sull’energia, il settimo degli scopi dello sviluppo sostenibile, per 1,5 miliardi di persone non servite da una rete di distribuzione. Anche secondo\u00a0John Holmes<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0et al. di Smart Villages<\/a>, c’\u00e8 una “fusione” utilizzabile da subito:<\/p>\n

extending existing grids to remote areas is often prohibitively expensive. What are needed instead are local solutions, and governments must adopt policy and regulatory frameworks for these local answers. This has been the case for establishing solar home systems in Bangladesh and mini-grids in Rwanda. New frameworks must address several key issues with clarity: appropriately targeted subsidies, tariffs that are commercially viable, and capital for entrepreneurs at affordable rates. A true game-changer would be enabling small- and medium-scale village-level energy projects to access large-scale international climate change funds.<\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Bell’articolo di\u00a0Rhitu Chatterjee<\/a><\/strong> sul Progetto Prakash<\/a><\/p>\n

India may have the largest number of blind children in the world. Estimates range from 360,000 to nearly 1.2 million. The vast majority live in rural areas, their quality of life worsened by poverty, lack of access to health care, and a dearth of facilities for the disabled. Nearly 40% of these children are thought to have preventable or treatable blindness, caused by congenital cataracts, damaged corneas, and eye infections.\u00a0<\/em>
\nLed by neuroscientist Pawan Sinha, Project Prakash began in 2004 as a humanitarian effort to address this problem. But it also had a scientific goal. Sinha, based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, hypothesized that the newly sighted children could help answer a question that had long intrigued him: How does the brain learn to see? Initially funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health as an exploratory grant, Prakash has since grown into a groundbreaking effort in neuroscience. For years, physicians assumed that once a blind person passed a critical age in early childhood without vision, their brain would never be able to make sense of the visual world. Through patients like Yadav, Prakash has demolished that assumption.<\/em><\/p>\n

La plasticit\u00e0 cerebrale ha dei limiti, per\u00f2<\/p>\n

The Prakash patients do not develop vision as sharp as normally sighted people’s. \u201cDespite following these kids for several years, we do not find a progression of acuity to normalcy,\u201d Sinha says. That suggests a critical window for acuity that closes sometime before they turn 8\u2014the youngest age Prakash has so far treated.<\/em><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Arretrati di bufala<\/strong><\/p>\n

Che sorpresa, prima della COP21 il congressista repubblicano Lamar Smith<\/a><\/strong> che “non crede” all’effetto serra dei gas serra pretende\u00a0i documenti<\/a> della NOAA relativi al clima e ai climatologi…\u00a0Se ne discute da Tamino<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Il CICAP chiede<\/a><\/strong> alla ministra Lorenzin perch\u00e9 ha scritto una prefazione in elogio dell’omeopatia per un libro pubblicitario della confederazione delle aziende produttrici.<\/p>\n

I lettori del Fatto Q. non apprezzano<\/strong><\/a> di essere informati sull’alimentazione “pranica” detta anche respirianesimo.<\/p>\n

Ho perso il conto: \u00e8 da oggi che milioni di lattine Keshe producono 4 volte l’energia elettrica che consumano e rendono inutile ogni altra fonte di energia? Agg<\/strong>. no, da oggi fino a venerd\u00ec si pu\u00f2 imparare a costruirle guardando dei video (h\/t Bombarda)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le informazioni sul terremoto da 7,5 gradi Richter nell’Indu Kush sono ancora poche, aggiorno e se serve qualcosa per i soccorsi avviso. Per ora continuo con l’O’s digest, troncato gioved\u00ec per altri impegni. Il clima di Riccioli d’oro Anticipato on-line da Nature, un paper\u00a0– raccomandato alle Ong prima della COP21 di Parigi – contraddice gli… Continua a leggere Rientro da ass. giust.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,10,15,16,20,23],"tags":[2295,2848,5573,6545,7295],"class_list":["post-28845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bufala","category-clima","category-economia","category-fisica","category-medicina","category-non-profit","tag-energia","tag-fusione-calda","tag-progetto-prakash","tag-stellarator","tag-wendelstein-7-x","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28845"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28845\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43788,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28845\/revisions\/43788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}