{"id":29506,"date":"2016-02-25T15:48:29","date_gmt":"2016-02-25T14:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=29506"},"modified":"2021-12-06T18:48:51","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T17:48:51","slug":"il-gioco-delle-generazioni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2016\/02\/25\/il-gioco-delle-generazioni\/","title":{"rendered":"Il gioco delle generazioni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Da non perdere,\u00a0l’editoriale <\/a><\/strong>e l’inserto di Nature<\/em> sulle generazioni future:<\/p>\n

Technologists will tell you that the future is already here, it is just unevenly distributed. But there is one factor that defies such a simplistic vision: humans. One day, in the not too distant future, every\u00adbody alive today will be dead. The planet will be inherited by people who had zero input into how Earth \u2014 their only home \u2014 was farmed, fished, burned, polluted, shaped and exhausted. Perhaps some of them are reading this.<\/em>
\nIf so, the people of the future \u2014 those born in the late twenty-first century and beyond \u2014 may well scan this special issue of\u00a0Nature\u00a0with bewilderment or mocking nostalgia. In\u00a0a series of articles<\/a>, we tackle the ethics and opportunities of early-twenty-first-century science and technology and its impact on our future generations. Gene editing, nuclear waste, climate change, the march of computers and population growth \u2014 decisions and paths embarked on today will resonate well into the future.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aggiungerei il disarmo, e alle scorie nucleari gli altri rifiuti che si accumulano nell’ambiente, dalla plastica negli oceani ai rottami in orbita.
\nGli articoli sono scritti per non specialisti, e se fossi un’insegnante ne discuterei in classe. Non perch\u00e9 gli autori abbiano idee geniali o migliori, ma perch\u00e9 cercano di essere “evidence-based”:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

–\u00a0Slow down population growth<\/a>, John Bogaarts vorrebbe che entro dieci anni tutte le donne avessero accesso ai contraccettivi (refrain da quando esiste la pillola);
\n– Current climate models are grossly misleading<\/a>, l’economista Nicolas Stern trova i suoi colleghi dovrebbero darsi una mossa:<\/p>\n

Current economic models tend to underestimate seriously both the potential impacts of dangerous climate change and the wider benefits of a transition to low-carbon growth. There is an urgent need for a new generation of models that give a more accurate picture.<\/em><\/p>\n

– Game human nature<\/a>, gli economisti sperimentali\u00a0Helga Fehr-Duda and Ernst Fehr suggeriscono di far leva sulla nostra tendenza a cooperare e a punire i “portoghesi” che abusano del bene comune; mouais… rif. il successo di Trump e altri hate-mongers.<\/span>
\n– Can today’s decisions really be future-proofed<\/a>?\u00a0C\u00e9line Kermisch cerca di ridefinire “generazioni” con gli esempi delle scorie nucleari e dei cambiamenti climatici, banalotto anche questo…
\nAggiungerei l’articolo <\/a>di Erika Check Hayden sulla “redazione” del genoma dei nostri figli con la tecnica CRISP-Cas9.
\n\"Picture
\nE perch\u00e9 la storia non si ripeta, raccomando la\u00a0recensione<\/a><\/strong> del libro di Adam Cohen, Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics, and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck.<\/em> Secondo me si parla molto della bomba atomica come momento in cui “la fisica conosce il peccato”, e molto meno sul peccato conosciuto ben prima e pi\u00f9 a lungo – esempi recenti a richiesta – dalla biologia, la smania di definire come inferiori e quindi privi di dignit\u00e0 e di diritti altri esseri umani. Spiega la diffidenza degli “inferiori” potenziali nei confronti delle tecniche per “correggere i geni” delle generazioni future. Scrive Victoria Nourse:<\/p>\n

Eugenics is a well-known low point in the modern history of science. In the United States, from the late nineteenth century to the 1940s – <\/em>e oltre, <\/a><\/strong>ndr – credence was given to this pseudoscience focused on the notional ‘improvement’ of human populations by halting the reproduction of supposedly lesser genes. Less well known is the story of how US law rendered eugenics intellectually respectable across the world, supporting programmes from Canada to Sweden. Ultimately, this egregious failing led to the enforced sterilization of at least 60,000 US citizens, and was used by the Nazi regime to justify its own programme of sterilization and, later, extermination. <\/em>(…)
\nIl caso di Carrie Buck illustra bene i pregiudizi usati per selezionare le vittime:
\nshe had no disability. She was a poor, isolated victim of a social system that branded unmarried mothers as dangerous<\/strong>, and a punitive legal system.<\/em><\/p>\n

Era il 1927. Non c’era alcuna “evidenza scientifica” n\u00e9 del pericolo n\u00e9 del miglioramento della razza, ovviamente, eppure<\/p>\n

By 1928, a total of 375 US universities and colleges were teaching eugenics, and 70%\u00a0of high-school biology textbooks endorsed the pseudoscience in some form. Eugenics was also endorsed by presidents including Theodore Roosevelt, funded by philanthropic organizations including the Carnegie Institution…\u00a0<\/em>Eugenics came to be seen as the solution to everything from hearing loss to criminality.<\/em><\/p>\n

Il precedente legale resta valido, la Corte Suprema non ha ancora abrogato la sentenza che condannava Carrie Buck – e altre presunte “imbecilli” – alla sterilizzazione.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Fra i paper \u00e8 in tema quello di \u00a0Galen McKinley\u00a0et al. “Timescales for the detection of trends in the ocean carbon sink<\/a>“. E’ anche insolito perch\u00e9 il risultato del loro (multi) modello \u00e8 negativo. La variabilit\u00e0 interna del clima – naturale e indotta dalle emissioni di gas serra – \u00e8 tale da mascherare la tendenza del ciclo oceanico del carbonio, scrivono, quindi bisogner\u00e0 aspettare tra il 2020 in certe regioni e il 2050-2089 in media, per stabilire se la capacit\u00e0 degli oceani di assorbire CO2 sta aumentando globalmente o solo localmente come sembra accadere nei mari pi\u00f9 freddi. E poi – refrain! – \u00a0mancano i dati:<\/p>\n

Surface ocean carbon data from volunteer commercial and scientific ships are presently too sparse for direct estimation of multi-decadal carbon cycle trends in most regions. However, in the subtropics of the North Atlantic and Pacific, there are sufficient data to indicate a steady ocean carbon sink, and in the equatorial Atlantic to indicate an increasing sink for 1981\u20132009. …\u00a0\u00a0More data, from all sources, will be required to determine whether these signals are, in fact, illustrating the forced trend in ocean carbon uptake.<\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

fonte ESA<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Una bella notizia poi vado a lavorare, l’esperimento LISA Pathfinder<\/a> – una sonda spaziale con dentro due cubetti di oro e platino sospesi in un sistema di riferimento inerziale e sensori vari – \u00a0fa da battistrada all’osservatorio spaziale europeo delle onde gravitazionali. Ha appena superato il primo collaudo:<\/p>\n

data streamed back since 23 February, when the Pathfinder began tracking its released cubes with lasers, show that it not only fulfils but exceeds its requirements. For now, the team is keeping under wraps details on exactly how well the instruments are performing.<\/em>
\nProving the basic technology works is only the mission\u2019s first step. Its main science goal, which the Pathfinder team will carry out over the coming months, is to understand where noise in the system is coming from. That knowledge will be essential in designing the space-based gravitational-wave observatory, which is scheduled for launch in 2034. \u201cThe main goal of the mission is not so much to measure how well we\u2019re doing, but to understand how well we\u2019re doing,\u201d says McNamara.<\/em><\/p>\n

Complimenti a Stefano Vitale<\/a><\/strong> e ai suoi colleghi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Da non perdere,\u00a0l’editoriale e l’inserto di Nature sulle generazioni future: Technologists will tell you that the future is already here, it is just unevenly distributed. But there is one factor that defies such a simplistic vision: humans. One day, in the not too distant future, every\u00adbody alive today will be dead. The planet will be… Continua a leggere Il gioco delle generazioni<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,15,17,23,25,26],"tags":[1349,1884,1976,2453,4012,4577,4725,5898],"class_list":["post-29506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-clima","category-economia","category-genetica","category-non-profit","category-politica","category-psicologia","tag-ciclo-del-carbonio","tag-demografia","tag-diritti-umani","tag-eugenetica","tag-lisapathfinder","tag-modelli-economici","tag-nature","tag-rifiuti","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29506","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29506"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44017,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29506\/revisions\/44017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}