{"id":29657,"date":"2016-03-17T16:35:32","date_gmt":"2016-03-17T15:35:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=29657"},"modified":"2021-12-06T20:06:32","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T19:06:32","slug":"la-scienza-e-lautocrazia-politico-finanziaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2016\/03\/17\/la-scienza-e-lautocrazia-politico-finanziaria\/","title":{"rendered":"La scienza e l'autocrazia politico-finanziaria"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tira vento di anni Trenta, non soltanto nei discorsi di Trump. Su Nature<\/em> se ne preoccupa\u00a0Colin McIlvain<\/a><\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

The playwright Bertolt Brecht had a good line on expertise. In his plays, doctors, lawyers and other \u2018experts\u2019 are generally portrayed in threes. They squabble haplessly among themselves, each manoeuvering into the position that most elevates themselves in the eyes of their aristocratic paymaster.<\/em>
\nAnd that, sadly, is the role to which senior scientific leaders have sometimes reduced themselves. In the main, they have been happy to accept the autocracy of politics and finance, even, like the president of the European Research Council, hanging around at the annual meeting of business leaders at Davos in Switzerland, hoping to pick up crumbs from the rich man\u2019s table. (…)<\/em>
\nAnd those senior scientists who do engage with the government or public \u2014 as scientific advisers, for example \u2014 often take up\u00a0highly political positions without acknowledging that they are doing so<\/a>. For example, they support free-trade agreements that cede the right of democratic governments to control things such as cigarette advertising or pesticide use without hard, scientific evidence. This is a political position that is pursued with great dedication by global corporations \u2014 and that is haplessly bought into by many scientists without a thought for its consequences. (…)<\/em>
\nBut at the top, there is paralysis: leading scientific organizations do little except chase money and reinforce the ruling nexus of politics and finance \u2014 even since the financial crisis of 2008, which discredited the free-market philosophy that underpins that nexus. I argued years ago (see\u00a0Nature\u00a0479,<\/b>\u00a0447; 2011<\/a>) that scientific leaders had failed to respond in any meaningful way to that collapse, and I\u2019m still waiting.<\/em>
\nThe political structure of the West is in deep trouble, and should it fall apart, there will be plenty of blame to go around. Most will go to political and financial elites, or to rowdy mobs. But some will belong to people in the middle who have taken public funds, defended elites and then stood back and watched as democracy got ridden over a cliff.<\/em><\/p>\n

Gli scienziati devono star fuori della politica e stanno fuori troppo? Prime<\/a><\/strong> reazioni…<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

Editoriale<\/a><\/strong> e Outlook<\/a> \u00a0<\/strong>(gratuito) su “sanit\u00e0 e benessere urbano”, starebbe nascendo – in Cina soprattutto – una nuova “scienza delle citt\u00e0”.<\/p>\n

Il paper <\/a><\/strong>di Bengang Li, Thomas Gasser e molti al. \u00e8 collegato. Hanno calcolato il contributo delle emissioni climalteranti cinesi al riscaldamento globale dal 1750 e in particolare tra il 1980 e il 2010 quando le emissioni di CO2 sono triplicate. Nonostante questo, il contributo globale \u00e8 rimasto del 10% durante il trentennio. Scomposizione delle varie forzanti:<\/p>\n

China\u2019s relative contribution to the positive (warming<\/strong>) component of global radiative forcing, mainly induced by well-mixed greenhouse gases and black carbon aerosols, is 12%?\u00b1?2%. Its relative contribution to the negative (cooling<\/strong>) component is 15%?\u00b1?6%, dominated by the effect of sulfate and nitrate aerosols. China\u2019s strongest contributions are 0.16?\u00b1?0.02 watts per square metre for CO2from fossil fuel burning, 0.13?\u00b1?0.05 watts per square metre for CH4, ?0.11?\u00b1?0.05 watts per square metre for sulfate aerosols, and 0.09?\u00b1?0.06 watts per square metre for black carbon aerosols.<\/em><\/p>\n

Morale:
\nChina\u2019s eventual goal of improving air quality will result in changes in radiative forcing in the coming years: a reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions would drive a faster future warming, unless offset by larger reductions of radiative forcing from well-mixed greenhouse gases and black carbon.<\/em>
\nAllegria…<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

fonte<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

In un paper<\/a><\/strong> anticipato on-line a fine febbraio, Rebecca Albright, Lilian Caldeira e un gruppone coordinato da Ken Caldeira raccontano 23 giorni di esperimenti – 7 dei quali senza intervenire, usati come controllo – in tre lagune comunicanti della Grande Barriera corallina, in Australia. Quando a bassa marea restavano isolate dall’oceano, ci hanno versato\u00a0soda caustica per rendere l’acqua alcalina com’era prima della rivoluzione industriale (quella attuale \u00e8 acidificata<\/a> dalla CO2) insieme a un colorante per vedere quanta dell’alcalinit\u00e0 aggiunta era assorbita dalla “comunit\u00e0”.<\/p>\n

All’incirca ne ha assorbito il 17%, con un 7% di calcificazione delle bestiole in pi\u00f9 rispetto a quella dei giorni di controllo.<\/p>\n

In providing results from the first seawater chemistry manipulation experiment of a natural coral reef community, we provide evidence that net community calcification is depressed compared with values expected for pre-industrial conditions, indicating that ocean acidification may already be impairing coral reef growth.<\/em><\/p>\n

Non \u00e8 detto che le comunit\u00e0 coralline si riprendano dappertutto riportando l’acqua al pH d’una volta, perch\u00e9 alcune specie soffrono il caldo. Commento di Janet Lough<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

\"160316GlobalWarming_1<\/p>\n

\"160316GlobalWarming_4\"<\/p>\n

fonte<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

Forse bisogna avvisare\u00a0Ted Cruz<\/a>,<\/strong>\u00a0Marco\u00a0braindead<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>Rubio et al.?
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tira vento di anni Trenta, non soltanto nei discorsi di Trump. Su Nature se ne preoccupa\u00a0Colin McIlvain: The playwright Bertolt Brecht had a good line on expertise. In his plays, doctors, lawyers and other \u2018experts\u2019 are generally portrayed in threes. They squabble haplessly among themselves, each manoeuvering into the position that most elevates themselves in… Continua a leggere La scienza e l'autocrazia politico-finanziaria<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10,25],"tags":[138,1482,1628,2261],"class_list":["post-29657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chimica","category-clima","category-politica","tag-acidificazione-degli-oceani","tag-co2","tag-coralli","tag-emissioni-climalteranti-cina","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29657"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44066,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29657\/revisions\/44066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}