{"id":31704,"date":"2017-03-30T17:13:56","date_gmt":"2017-03-30T15:13:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=31704"},"modified":"2021-12-19T17:31:23","modified_gmt":"2021-12-19T16:31:23","slug":"commercio-globale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2017\/03\/30\/commercio-globale\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercio globale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Su Nature<\/em>, Carole Dalin et al. calcolano<\/a> la quantit\u00e0 di acqua usata per l’irrigazione in agricoltura che finisce all’estero. Dall’abstract:<\/p>\n

approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of\u00a0which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India\u00a0alone. … A vast majority of the world\u2019s population lives in countries sourcing nearly all their staple crop\u00a0imports from partners who deplete groundwater to produce these\u00a0crops, highlighting risks for global food and water security.<\/p>\n

Some \u00a0countries, such as the USA, Mexico, Iran and China, are particularly \u00a0exposed to these risks because they both produce and import\u00a0food irrigated from rapidly depleting aquifers.<\/p>\n

Il prelievo dalle falde acquifere (GWD = 25 km3\/anno)\u00a0\u00e8 una stima approssimata per difetto perch\u00e9 si basa sull’acqua necessaria (“embedded”) alle colture di cereali, canna da zucchero, foraggio, cotone e “altro” che finiscono nel commercio globale (figura 1.), senza tener conto di quella sprecata. Ma anche approssimata per eccesso perch\u00e9 il cibo esportato dovrebbe rappresentare l’18%:<\/p>\n

This difference could be due to either crops with relatively\u00a0smaller GWD intensity being more traded than others, or countries with\u00a0relatively less GWD exporting more than other countries.<\/p>\n

Nella loro classifica dei 10 paesi pi\u00f9 prosciugati nel 2010 l’Italia \u00e8 decima dopo India, Iran, Pakistan, Cina, USA, Arabia Saudita, Messico, Libia, Turchia. Nel 2000 era decima la Bulgaria. Sembra esserci uno scambio, ma \u00e8 disuguale (non per l’Italia):<\/p>\n

Five of the ten countries with the most GWD\u2014the USA, Mexico,\u00a0Iran, Saudi Arabia and China\u2014are also top importers of GWD via food\u00a0trade. These key countries import or export crops irrigated from the world\u2019s most stressed aquifer systems<\/p>\n

Altro paper in tema, “Transboundary health impacts of transported global air pollution and international trade<\/a>” di Qiang Zhang et una barca di altri epidemiologi quasi tutti cinesi:<\/p>\n

\n

We find that, of the 3.45 million premature deaths related to PM2.5\u00a0pollution in 2007 worldwide, about 12 per cent (411,100 deaths) were related to air pollutants emitted in a region of the world other than that in which the death occurred, and about 22 per cent (762,400 deaths) were associated with goods and services produced in one region for consumption in another.<\/p>\n

For example, PM2.5 pollution produced in China in 2007 is linked to more than 64,800 premature deaths in regions other than China, including more than 3,100 premature deaths in western Europe and the USA; on the other hand, consumption in western Europe and the USA is linked to more than 108,600 premature deaths in China.<\/p>\n

Rif. anche The Guardian<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n

*<\/p>\n

L’editoriale <\/a><\/strong>“Trump\u2019s pipeline permit is bad for both the US economy and the environment” dice cose note dai tempi in cui Jim Hansen cercava di farsi arrestare di nuovo insieme a indiani e ambientalisti che protestavano contro la costruzione del bitumodotto dal Canada al Texas.\u00a0Nel caso repetita juvant:<\/p>\n

Trump may have breathed life into the project, but its future remains uncertain. The drop in global oil prices has reduced the short-term profitability of the tar sands, and the long term is even murkier, given the global trend towards low-carbon energy. Some energy giants are losing interest in tar sands, and the Keystone pipeline\u2019s developer, TransCanada, will face innumerable challenges from environmentalists as it seeks to push the project forward in the coming years. In the same way that Obama ultimately could not guarantee that the pipeline would not be built, Trump cannot guarantee that it will be.<\/p>\n

Cerco di spiegare da settimane che nemmeno Trump pu\u00f2 violare leggi federali e statali, ma solo incoraggiare l’illegalit\u00e0 e l’incostituzionalit\u00e0, come nel caso del “Muslim ban”.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Ieri Lamar Smith, il boss del comitato anti-scienza alla Camera ha inscenato la farsa come da copione<\/a>,\u00a0sostenendo che l’unico metodo scientifico \u00e8 quello che fornisce i risultati graditi ai suoi finanziatori; Judith Curry s’\u00e8 detta perseguitata da Michael Mann, perch\u00e9 s’\u00e8 sentita di dimettersi da prof al Georgia Tech per lavorare a met\u00e0 tempo nella sua ditta e nell’altra met\u00e0 per le lobby di BigOil & Coal.<\/p>\n

John Christy ha tirato fuori un vecchio grafico delle temperature troposferiche e Roger Pielke Jr ha fatto cherry-picking “i tornado non aumentano, quindi i rischi climatici sono esagerati”, ma poi ha detto che ci vuole una carbon tax.<\/p>\n

Non oso immaginare il pianto greco di Judith Curry se fosse stata sottoposta a 11 inchieste, due processi, minacce di morte ecc. come Michael Mann – di un aplomb a prova di bomba salvo la faccia “What? Wait..<\/strong>.<\/a>” quando un bigoilista repubblicano gli ha chiesto di dimostrare che non<\/strong> fa parte dell’Union of Concerned Scientists.<\/p>\n

L’audizione<\/a>, ora su You Tube<\/a>, \u00e8 stata commentata in diretta da Gavin Schmidt <\/a>– e altri ricercatori – su twitter, cos\u00ec le bugie erano smentite in tempo reale.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Sul Guardian<\/em>, David Keith e Gernot Warner difendono<\/a>\u00a0l’esperimento di geoingegneria che stanno progettando (e che forse non andr\u00e0 in porto), presentato in modo allarmista da Martin Lukacs<\/a>:<\/p>\n

What makes Harvard\u2019s effort different is that we are planning on doing so in an\u00a0integrated, multi-disciplinary programme<\/a>\u00a0spanning many faculties and points of view. That integrated programme is the context for a proposed outdoor experiment. …<\/p>\n

The amount of material we would release is tiny compared to everyday activities. For example, if we tested sulphates, we would put less material into the stratosphere than a typical commercial aircraft does in one minute of flight. Our material of choice for the first flight? Frozen water. Later flights might include tiny amounts of\u00a0calcium carbonate<\/a>\u00a0or indeed sulphates.<\/p>\n

That said, we do not ask anyone to take our word about the safety or legal compliance of the experiment. Risk must be independently assessed, and legal compliance assured, or we will not fly.<\/p>\n

Una bella differenza rispetto agli esperimenti illegali di Russ George <\/a>che sperava di lucrare sui crediti carbonio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Su Nature, Carole Dalin et al. calcolano la quantit\u00e0 di acqua usata per l’irrigazione in agricoltura che finisce all’estero. Dall’abstract: approximately eleven per cent of non-renewable groundwater use for irrigation is embedded in international food trade, of\u00a0which two-thirds are exported by Pakistan, the USA and India\u00a0alone. … A vast majority of the world\u2019s population lives… Continua a leggere Commercio globale<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10,23,25],"tags":[2535,2967,3541,3874,4465,6306],"class_list":["post-31704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ambiente","category-clima","category-non-profit","category-politica","tag-falde-acquifere","tag-geoingegneria","tag-inquinamento","tag-lamar-smith","tag-michael-mann","tag-sicurezza-alimentare","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31704"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44793,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31704\/revisions\/44793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}