{"id":32946,"date":"2017-12-07T14:43:10","date_gmt":"2017-12-07T13:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=32946"},"modified":"2017-12-07T14:43:10","modified_gmt":"2017-12-07T13:43:10","slug":"mona-lisa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2017\/12\/07\/mona-lisa\/","title":{"rendered":"&quot;Mona Lisa&quot;?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\">Secondo la redazione di <em>Nature<\/em>, questo obbrobrio sarebbe &#8220;una rappresentazione della <em>Mona Lisa<\/em> su una tela di\u00a08.704 pixel, creata con Dna auto-assemblante&#8221;:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v552\/n7683\/images\/cover_nature.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Qualcuno ha bisogno di un paio di occhiali&#8230; Seguono quattro paper su come costruire origami in Dna &#8220;di grandi dimensioni&#8221; nel senso di gigadalton e micrometri &#8211; il pi\u00f9 riuscito \u00e8 un gallo al punto croce &#8211; e una<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-017-07690-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"> recensione<\/span><\/a><\/span> di tutti quanti:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Remarkably, the authors\u2019 method reduces the cost of the folded DNA origami structures from about US$200 per milligram to around 20?cents. This strategy will enable scalable and efficient mass production of DNA origami and SST structures, thus enabling large-scale applications, such as therapeutics, drug-delivery systems and nanoelectronic devices.<\/p>\n<p>Capisco l&#8217;entusiasmo, ma la nuova specie di dinosauro anticipata ieri on line \u00e8 pi\u00f9 emozionante. Per l&#8217;O&#8217;s digest segnalo:<br \/>\n&#8211; l<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-017-07841-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">&#8216;editoriale<\/span><\/a><\/span> dedicato a un bel paper di <em>Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution<\/em>\u00a0sulla capacit\u00e0 di molti arbusti di crearsi un&#8217;altra &#8220;nicchia&#8221; anche a migliaia di chilometri di distanza della propria per adattarsi al cambiamento climatico;<br \/>\n&#8211; l&#8217;<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-017-08214-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">editoriale<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span>sulla tecnologia detta <em>gene driv<\/em>e (<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/284\/1860\/20170799\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">esempio<\/span><\/a><\/span>, pi\u00f9\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosbiology\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003850\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">esempi<\/span><\/a><\/span>, altri a richiesta) di cui si discute in una commissione della Convenzione ONU per la biodiversit\u00e0, parla anche del &#8220;<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.etcgroup.org\/content\/gene-drive-files\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">g-drive-gate<\/span><\/a><\/span>&#8220;:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">The release of the e-mails echoes the way in which hackers released documents stolen from climate scientists before a major UN meeting in 2009. Much commentary on those documents suggested\u00a0\u2014 wrongly \u2014 \u00a0that scientists were up to no good. Still, damage was done and public trust in scientists declined. It would be unfortunate if the trick were repeated here, not least because it is scientists working on gene drives who have raised many of the concerns.<\/p>\n<p>Non proprio come nel 2009 perch\u00e9 le mail sono state ottenute con il FOIA, comunque abbondano le frasi estrapolate dal contesto come in Climate-gate, Glifosa-gate ecc. In realt\u00e0 13 organizzazioni che finanziano esperimenti di gene drive, fondazione Gates per prima, hanno gi\u00e0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/358\/6367\/1135.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">adottato<\/span><\/a><\/span> le linee-guida molto severe\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/23405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposte <\/a>dalle Accademie americane l&#8217;anno scorso.<br \/>\nResta da convincere tutti paesi firmatari della Convenzione a fare altrettanto, nel sud-est asiatico in particolare dove il plasmodio della malaria resiste ormai perfino alle artemisinine ed eliminare le zanzare-vettrici con il gene-drive sembra possibile dopo gli esperimenti in Brasile per limitare la trasmissione del virus Zika.<br \/>\n&#8211; l&#8217;<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-017-07766-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">articolo <\/span><\/a><\/span>di David Cyranovski sulla scoperta, nello Yunnan, dell&#8217;origine del coronavirus della SARS in una singola popolazione di pipistrelli,\u00a0da confermare con esperimenti di laboratorio sulla sua trasmissione ad altri mammiferi (non umani)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Another outstanding question is how a virus from bats in Yunnan could travel to animals and humans around 1,000 kilometres away in Guangdong, without causing any suspected cases in Yunnan itself.<\/p>\n<p>I pipistrelli vivono in una grotta a 1 km da un villaggio ed \u00e8 probabile che avvenga un altro spillover, come prevedeva David Quammen nel <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adelphi.it\/libro\/9788845929298\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">libro omonimo<\/span><\/a><\/span>.<br \/>\n&#8211; in un paper, Patrick Brown e Ken Caldeira<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature24672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">riducono<\/span><\/a><\/span> le incertezze nelle proiezioni del riscaldamento globale nel caso dello scenario peggiore (RP8.5)\u00a0 forse con assunti un po&#8217; problematici. Per es. usano 3,7\u00b0 C per la sensibilit\u00e0 del clima (ETS) a un raddoppio della CO2 atm. al posto del &#8220;best guest&#8221; di 3\u00b0 C . Patrick Brown\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/patricktbrown.org\/2017\/11\/29\/greater-future-global-warming-inferred-from-earths-recent-energy-budget\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">spiega<\/span><\/a><\/span> tutto sul suo blog.<br \/>\nSu <em>Nature<\/em> c&#8217;\u00e8 un inserto che mi pare troppo ottimista sull&#8217;out-sourcing ad aziende private della ricerca bio-clinica, ma non l&#8217;ho letto tutto, se mi ricredo aggiungo. Questa settimana \u00e8 uscito <em>Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution<\/em>\u00a0pieno di ricerche interessanti (mi ripeto, lo so).<br \/>\nPer ora\u00a0raccomando il modello di <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-017-0422-1?error=database_circuit_open&amp;error_description=Database%20is%20temporarily%20unavailable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Gideon Eshel et al.\u00a0<\/span><\/a> <\/span>che in teoria renderebbe sostenibili gli allevamenti bovini in USA dovrebbe far discutere parecchio. Nella &#8220;Discussion&#8221;, gli autori mettono le mani avanti<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">If Americans reduced their mean beef consumption from the current 460g\u00a0per person per week to 200g\u00a0per person per week (corresponding to\u00a0<i>f\u00a0<\/i>= 0.5), the US beef industry could become environmentally sustainable by the narrow definition of this paper. Note, however, that we intentionally leave open for future work the questions of whether this is the best definition, whether this outcome is environmentally optimal and how much of the shortfall can be made up for by grazing improvements. In this\u00a0<i>f\u00a0<\/i>= 0.5 scenario, beef would be raised on existing rangelands, claiming about half of the land it currently uses, supplemented by agricultural by-products. This would allow repurposing high-quality croplands that are now being used to grow feed for industrial beef operations for other, more environmentally benign and nutritious food types.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">***<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Waste comparisons by country\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/7B4E\/production\/_99066513_3-nc.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;inviato della BBC al <a href=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/624\/cpsprodpb\/7B4E\/production\/_99066513_3-nc.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vertice Onu di Nairobi<\/a> sull&#8217;ambiente<span style=\"color: #0000ff\">\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/science-environment-42252233\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">scrive<\/span><\/a><\/span> che i ministri dei paesi membri hanno<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">signed off a document stating that the flow of plastic into the ocean must be stopped.\u00a0Scientists welcomed the statement, but were unhappy the agreement was only based in principle, with no firm targets or timetables.\u00a0Ministers say it&#8217;s a milestone because it shows governments, industry and the public that a major change is needed.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/china-bans-foreign-waste-but-what-will-happen-to-the-worlds-recycling-85924\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Il problema<\/span><\/a><\/span> \u00e8 che da gennaio la Cina non importer\u00e0 pi\u00f9 rifiuti di plastica altrui, sommersa com&#8217;\u00e8 da quelli propri e i paesi &#8220;esportatori&#8221; dovranno gestirseli. La <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2017\/dec\/07\/chinese-ban-on-plastic-waste-imports-could-see-uk-pollution-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Gran Bretagna<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">non sembra pronta, e la <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/waste\/plastic_waste.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">UE<\/span><\/a><\/span>? In Italia, se va bene se ne ricicla <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polimerica.it\/articolo.asp?id=18061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">il 15%<\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Secondo la redazione di Nature, questo obbrobrio sarebbe &#8220;una rappresentazione della Mona Lisa su una tela di\u00a08.704 pixel, creata con Dna auto-assemblante&#8221;: Qualcuno ha bisogno di un paio di occhiali&#8230; Seguono quattro paper su come costruire origami in Dna &#8220;di grandi dimensioni&#8221; nel senso di gigadalton e micrometri &#8211; il pi\u00f9 riuscito \u00e8 un gallo&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2017\/12\/07\/mona-lisa\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&quot;Mona Lisa&quot;?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3,9,10,17],"tags":[224,1157,2027,2413,2924,3546,4567,5415,6459],"class_list":["post-32946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-altri-animali","category-ambiente","category-chimica","category-clima","category-genetica","tag-agronomia","tag-carne-bovina","tag-dna-auto-assemblante","tag-est","tag-gene-drive","tag-inquinamento-marino","tag-modelli-climatici","tag-plastica","tag-spillover","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32946"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32946\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}