{"id":33790,"date":"2018-08-16T18:14:35","date_gmt":"2018-08-16T16:14:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ocasapiens-dweb.blogautore.repubblica.it\/?p=33790"},"modified":"2022-02-19T17:52:55","modified_gmt":"2022-02-19T16:52:55","slug":"previsioni-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2018\/08\/16\/previsioni-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Previsioni"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quarant&#8217;anni fa, ricorda l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-05936-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editoriale<\/a> di <em>Nature<\/em>, la fotografa Janet Parker \u00e8 morta di vaiolo, l&#8217;ultima vittima (conosciuta) del virus, eradicato con campagne di vaccinazioni nel 1980. Eppure Food &amp; Drug Administration ha approvato un farmaco per curarlo, un altro potrebbe esserlo fra poco.<br \/>\nCampioni di variola conservati al CDC di Atlanta e al Vector di Novosibirsk, potrebbero uscirne per un incidente &#8211; come quello che ha ucciso Janet Parker &#8211; o per un delitto. E poi<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Smallpox might also lie dormant in mummies and corpses of people who died from the disease. As the Arctic permafrost melts, accidental encounters with previously frozen diseases could become more common.<\/em><br \/>\n<em>The greatest threat is advances in synthetic biology, which could permit a rogue lab to re-engineer a smallpox virus. In 2016, researchers in Canada announced that they had created horsepox using pieces of DNA ordered from companies. A synthetic smallpox virus could be even more dangerous than the original, because it could be designed to spread more easily or with ways to survive new therapies.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">I laboratori &#8220;canaglia&#8221; trovano la ricetta in rete.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Decine di milioni di articoli scientifici sono su SciHub, non tutti legalmente, e attraverso biblioteche universitarie con Unpaywall, creato dai fondatori di <a href=\"https:\/\/impactstory.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Impactstory<\/a>: Heather Piwowar, Jason Priem e Cristhian Parra. Ne stanno preparando uno per il grande pubblico, scrive\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-05968-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Holly Else<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Impactstory secured a US$850,000 grant to create a search engine aimed at non-scientists. It will also use artificial intelligence to summarize journal articles in its database in plain language, so that non-specialists can understand them. \u201c20 million articles are free for everyone to read but might as well be closed if there is no way for any average person to access it,\u201d he says. \u201cWe\u2019re not yet finished.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>(C&#8217;\u00e8 anche un&#8217;app Unpaywall per giornalisti.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Oggi chiudono i commenti al nuovo sistema di valutazione dell&#8217;EPA, scelto da Scott Pruitt per favorire le industrie inquinanti. Riassunto di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-05946-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeff Tollefson<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>The latest push includes changes to chemical-safety guidelines that place greater weight on industry-sponsored research, among other things, and is a part of efforts by US President Donald Trump\u2019s administration to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/news\/trump-and-republicans-take-aim-at-environmental-agency-1.21618\">reshape how the agency uses science to make decisions<\/a>.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Da abbinare alla World View benintenzionata di Linda Baugh &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-05937-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Funders must be wary of industry alliances<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Dieci giorni fa, i PNAS anticipavano on-line &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/115\/33\/8252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene<\/a>&#8220;, di quindici climatologi coordinati da Hans Joachim Schnellhuber sull&#8217;eventualit\u00e0 di retroazioni bio-geo-fisiche che si rinforzano a vicenda nel caso esista &#8220;una soglia planetaria&#8221; (sono parecchie, ma collegate: calotte glaciali, livello del mare, correnti oceaniche ecc.) venga superata. I modelli Earth System tendono a essere pi\u00f9 pessimistici di quelli climatici.<\/p>\n<p>Oltre la soglia, le traiettorie sono parecchie, in sostanza portano verso una &#8220;Hothouse Earth&#8221; e a disastri a cascata, anche dopo la riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Where such a threshold might be is uncertain, but it could be only decades ahead at a temperature rise of ?2.0 \u00b0C above preindustrial, and thus, it could be within the range of the Paris Accord temperature targets.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-58\">Resterebbe poco tempo per progettare una &#8220;Stabilized Earth&#8221;, &#8220;per decidere e realizzare interventi che potrebbero influenzare il futuro per secoli se non per millenni&#8221;.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"p-59\"><em>How credible is this analysis? There is significant evidence from a number of sources that the risk of a planetary threshold and thus, the need to create a divergent pathway should be taken seriously&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Nella <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2018\/aug\/06\/domino-effect-of-climate-events-could-push-earth-into-a-hothouse-state\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stampa<\/a> e sui <a href=\"https:\/\/climatenewsnetwork.net\/hothouse-earth-could-soon-be-unavoidable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog<\/a> scientifici si <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/63267-hothouse-earth-dangerously-close.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discuteva<\/a> ancora della sua <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hothouse-earth-our-planet-has-been-here-before-heres-what-it-looked-like-101413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">credibilit\u00e0<\/a> o meno quando ieri, su <em>Nature Communications<\/em>,\u00a0Florian S\u00e9vellec e Sybren Drijfhout <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-018-05442-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hanno pubblicato<\/a> un sistema &#8220;probabilistico&#8221; per prevedere le variazioni naturali del clima dal 2018 al 2022.<\/p>\n<p>Il loro algoritmo &#8220;impara&#8221; a riconoscere cicli nelle serie delle temperature, li confronta con il ciclo attuale del quale calcola statisticamente l&#8217;evoluzione. Risultato: fino al 2022, le temperature aumentano pi\u00f9 di quanto prevedono i modelli climatici:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>This will temporarily reinforce the long-term global warming trend. The coming warm period is associated with an increased likelihood of intense to extreme temperatures. The important numerical efficiency of the method (a few hundredths of a second on a laptop) opens the possibility for real-time probabilistic predictions carried out on personal mobile devices.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Risultato da prendere con le pinze, perch\u00e9 finora le estrapolazioni statistiche non hanno mai funzionato. <strong>Agg.<\/strong> rif. <a href=\"https:\/\/tamino.wordpress.com\/2018\/08\/18\/new-prediction-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tamino per critiche<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nel caso non bastasse, su <em>Nature<\/em> ma non in open access, Thomas Fr\u00f6licher et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0383-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calcolano <\/a>la probabilit\u00e0 delle &#8220;ondate di calore marine&#8221; con una serie di modelli e gli scenari RCP2.6 (tagli alle emissioni, +1,5 &#8211; 2 \u00b0C) e RCP8.5 (business as usual)\u00a0:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Today, 87 per cent of MHWs are attributable to human-induced warming, with this ratio increasing to nearly 100 per cent under any global warming scenario exceeding 2 degrees Celsius. Our results suggest that MHWs will become very frequent and extreme under global warming, probably pushing marine organisms and ecosystems to the limits of their resilience and even beyond, which could cause irreversible changes.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Rif. anche <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/restricting-global-warming-to-1-5c-would-halve-risk-of-marine-heatwaves\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carbon Brief<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quarant&#8217;anni fa, ricorda l&#8217;editoriale di Nature, la fotografa Janet Parker \u00e8 morta di vaiolo, l&#8217;ultima vittima (conosciuta) del virus, eradicato con campagne di vaccinazioni nel 1980. Eppure Food &amp; Drug Administration ha approvato un farmaco per curarlo, un altro potrebbe esserlo fra poco. Campioni di variola conservati al CDC di Atlanta e al Vector di&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/2018\/08\/16\/previsioni-2\/\">Continua a leggere <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Previsioni<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10,20],"tags":[2104,2148,4220,4563,7074,7127],"class_list":["post-33790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ambiente","category-clima","category-medicina","tag-earth-system","tag-editoria-scientifica","tag-marine-heat-waves","tag-modelli","tag-unpaywall","tag-vaiolo","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33790"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45708,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33790\/revisions\/45708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archivio.ocasapiens.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}